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arXiv 1106.4755astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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M31的XMM-牛顿深度测量

The deep XMM-Newton Survey of M 31

H. Stiele, W. Pietsch, F. Haberl, D. Hatzidimitriou, R. Barnard, B. F. Williams, A. K. H. Kong, U. Kolb

摘要:

目标。M31首次被完全成像,获得了0.2-4.5 keV波段的亮度下限~10^35 erg s-1。我们的XMM-Newton EPIC调查结合了2006年6月至2008年2月期间的档案观测结果。本文的主要目的是研究M31的X射线源群。方法.一个包含1897个源的X射线目录被创建,其中914个是首次被发现。来源分类和识别的基础是X射线硬度比、来源的空间范围,并与X射线、光学、红外和无线电波长的目录相互关联。我们还分析了X射线源的长期变化。结果30个候选超软源中有14个代表光学新星的超软发射。25个超新星遗迹(SNRs)和31个候选超新星遗迹中的许多都位于M31的10 kpc尘埃环和其他恒星形成区域内; SNRs和恒星形成区域之间的这种联系意味着大多数遗迹都起源于II型超新星。M31中最亮的X射线源属于X射线双星(XRB)。10个低质量XRB(LMXB)和26个LMXB候选者的时间变异性的基础上确定。此外,由于与球状星团和球状星团候选者的相关性,还确定了36个LMXB和17个LMXB候选者。从光学和X射线颜色-颜色图中,选择了可能的高质量XRB(HMXB)候选物。其中两个候选者的X射线光谱与包含中子星主星的HMXB的X射线光谱一样。结论.虽然我们的调查大大提高了我们对M 31中X射线源群的理解,但在这一点上,65%的源仍然只能被归类为“硬”源。对X射线和其他波长的更深入观察将有助于对这些来源进行分类。删节

英文摘要:

Aims. M 31 has been completely imaged for the first time obtaining a luminosity lower limit ~10^35 erg s-1 in the 0.2-4.5 keV band. Our XMM-Newton EPIC survey combines archival observations with observations taken between June 2006 and February 2008. The main goal of the paper is a study of the X-ray source population of M 31. Methods. An X-ray catalogue of 1897 sources was created; 914 were detected for the first time. Source classification and identification were based on X-ray hardness ratios, spatial extent of the sources, and by cross correlating with catalogues in the X-ray, optical, infrared and radio wavelengths. We also analysed the long-term variability of the X-ray sources. Results. Fourteen of the 30 supersoft source candidates represent supersoft emission of optical novae. Many of the 25 supernova remnants (SNRs) and 31 SNR candidates lie within the 10 kpc dust ring and other star forming regions in M 31; this connection between SNRs and star forming regions implies that most of the remnants originate in type II supernovae. The brightest sources in X-rays in M 31 belong to the class of X-ray binaries (XRBs). Ten low mass XRBs (LMXBs) and 26 LMXB candidates were identified based on their temporal variability. In addition 36 LMXBs and 17 LMXB candidates were identified due to correlations with globular clusters and globular cluster candidates. From optical and X-ray colour-colour diagrams, possible high mass XRB (HMXB) candidates were selected. Two of these candidates have an X-ray spectrum as is expected for an HMXB containing a neutron star primary. Conclusions. While our survey has greatly improved our understanding of the X-ray source populations in M 31, at this point 65% of the sources can still only be classified as "hard" sources. Deeper observations in X-ray and at other wavelengths would help classify these sources. ABRIDGED

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