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arXiv 1106.4308astro-ph.CO
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致密和正常大质量早型星系的相对丰度及其从红移z~2到现在的演化

The relative abundance of compact and normal massive early-type galaxies and its evolution from redshift z~2 to the present

P. Cassata, M. Giavalisco, Yicheng Guo, A. Renzini, H. Ferguson, A. M. Koekemoer, S. Salimbeni, C. Scarlata, N. A. Grogin, C. J. Conselice, T. Dahlen, J. M. Lot… 展开作者

P. Cassata, M. Giavalisco, Yicheng Guo, A. Renzini, H. Ferguson, A. M. Koekemoer, S. Salimbeni, C. Scarlata, N. A. Grogin, C. J. Conselice, T. Dahlen, J. M. Lotz, M. Dickinson, Lihwai Lin

摘要:

本文报道了早型星系从z~2到z~0的数密度和大小的演化。我们选取了563个大质量(M>10^{10} Msun)、被动演化(SSFR<10^{-2} Gyr^{-1})和0<z<2.5的形态学球状星系的样本,使用了GOODS领域中可用的全色测光和光谱红移。我们结合ACS和WFC 3 HST图像来研究我们星系在整个0<z<2.5范围内的光学静止坐标系中的形态。我们发现,在整个探索的红移范围内,用我们的标准选择的被动星系具有弱的形态K校正,其尺寸在光学上比在UV静止框架中略小(在z>1.2和z<1.2时分别为~20和~10)。我们测量了早型星系的质量-尺寸关系的显著演化,其分数增量几乎与恒星质量无关。在z>1时形成的早型星系(ETG)似乎更倾向于小星系,而在z<1时质量-尺寸关系的演化是由致密星系的持续尺寸增长和新的大尺寸ETG的出现共同驱动的。我们还发现,所有被动早型星系的数密度从z~2到z~1迅速增加5倍,然后从z~1到z~0缓慢增加1.5倍。我们将这些结果解释为大部分ETG通过留下非常紧凑的残余物的机制在1<z<3处形成的证据。当z<1时,致密的ETG逐渐变大,成为正常大小的星系,同时形成新的正常大尺寸的ETG。

英文摘要:

We report on the evolution of the number density and size of early-type galaxies from z~2 to z~0. We select a sample of 563 massive (M>10^{10} Msun), passively evolving (SSFR<10^{-2} Gyr^{-1}) and morphologically spheroidal galaxies at 0<z<2.5, using the panchromatic photometry and spectroscopic redshifts available in the GOODS fields. We combine ACS and WFC3 HST images to study the morphology of our galaxies in their optical rest-frame in the whole 0<z<2.5 range. We find that throughout the explored redshift range the passive galaxies selected with our criteria have weak morphological K-correction, with size being slightly smaller in the optical than in the UV rest-frame (by ~20 and ~10 at z>1.2 and z<1.2, respectively). We measure a significant evolution of the mass-size relation of early-type galaxies, with the fractional increment that is almost independent on the stellar mass. Early-type galaxies (ETGs) formed at z>1 appear to be preferentially small, and the evolution of the mass-size relation at z<1 is driven by both the continuous size growth of the compact galaxies and the appearance of new ETGs with large sizes. We also find that the number density of all passive early-type galaxies increases rapidly, by a factor of 5, from z~2 to z~1, and then more mildly by another factor of 1.5 from z~1 to z~0. We interpret these results as the evidence that the bulk of the ETGs are formed at 1<z<3 through a mechanism that leaves very compact remnants. At z<1 the compact ETGs grow gradually in size, becoming normal size galaxies, and at the same time new ETGs with normal-large sizes are formed.

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