We describe the formal properties of cellularization functors in triangulated categories and study the preservation of ring and module structures under these functors in stable homotopy categories in the sense of Hovey, Palmieri and Strickland, such as the homotopy category of spectra or the derived category of a commutative ring. We prove that cellularization functors preserve modules over connective rings but they do not preserve rings in general (even if the ring is connective or the cellularization functor is triangulated). As an application of these results, we describe the cellularizations of Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectra and compute all acyclizations in the sense of Bousfield of the integral Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum.
We present an example of a homotopical localization functor which is not a localization with respect to any set of maps. Our example arises from equivariant homotopy theory. The technique of equivariant cellularization is developed and applied to the proof of the main result.
One way to understand the mod p homotopy theory of classifying spaces of finite groups is to compute their BZ/p-cellularization. In the easiest cases this is a classifying space of a finite group (always a finite p-group). If not, we show that it has infinitely many non-trivial homotopy groups. Moreover they are either p-torsion free or else infinitely many of them contain p-torsion. By means of techniques related to fusion systems we exhibit concrete examples where p-torsion appears.
We show that several apparently unrelated formulas involving left or right Bousfield localizations in homotopy theory are induced by comparison maps associated with pairs of adjoint functors. Such comparison maps are used in the article to discuss the existence of functorial liftings of homotopical localizations and cellularizations to categories of algebras over monads acting on model categories, with emphasis on the cases of module spectra and algebras over simplicial operads. Some of our results hold for algebras up to homotopy as well; for example, if $T$ is the reduced monad associated wi…
We present a constructive method to compute the cellularization with respect to K(Z/p, m) for any integer m > 0 of a large class of H-spaces, namely all those which have a finite number of non-trivial K(Z/p, m)-homotopy groups (the pointed mapping space map(K(Z/p, m), X) is a Postnikov piece). We prove in particular that the K(Z/p, m)-cellularization of an H-space having a finite number of K(Z/p, m)-homotopy groups is a p-torsion Postnikov piece. Along the way we characterize the BZ/p^r-cellular classifying spaces of nilpotent groups.
Given a diagram of rings, one may consider the category of modules over them. We are interested in the homotopy theory of categories of this type: given a suitable diagram of model categories M(s) (as s runs through the diagram), we consider the category of diagrams where the object X(s) at s comes from M(s). We develop model structures on such categories of diagrams, and Quillen adjunctions that relate categories based on different diagram shapes. Under certain conditions, cellularizations (or right Bousfield localizations) of these adjunctions induce Quillen equivalences. As an application w…
We lift Charles Rezk's complete Segal space model structure on the category of simplicial spaces to a Quillen equivalent one on the category of relative categories.
Centers of categories capture the natural operations on their objects. Homotopy coherent centers are introduced here as an extension of this notion to categories with an associated homotopy theory. These centers can also be interpreted as Hochschild cohomology type invariants in contexts that are not necessarily linear or stable, and we argue that they are more appropriate to higher categorical contexts than the centers of their homotopy or derived categories. Among many other things, we present an obstruction theory for realizing elements in the centers of homotopy categories, and a Bousfield…
Generalizing a definition of homotopy fiber products of model categories, we give a definition of the homotopy limit of a diagram of left Quillen functors between model categories. As has been previously shown for homotopy fiber products, we prove that such a homotopy limit does in fact correspond to the usual homotopy limit, when we work in a more general model for homotopy theories in which they can be regarded as objects of a model category.
We develop a homotopy theory of categories enriched in a monoidal model category V. In particular, we deal with homotopy weighted limits and colimits, and homotopy local presentability. The main result, which was known for simplicially-enriched categories, links homotopy locally presentable V-categories with combinatorial model V-categories, in the case where has all objects of V are cofibrant.
Building on a previous definition of homotopy limit of model categories, we give a definition of homotopy colimit of model categories. Using the complete Segal space model for homotopy theories, we verify that this definition corresponds to the model-category-theoretic definition in that setting.
We prove that the homotopy prederivator of a cofibration category is equivalent to the homotopy prederivator of its associated quasi-category of frames, as introduced by Szumiło. We use this comparison result to deduce various abstract properties of the obtained prederivators.
We show that the homotopy colimit construction for diagrams of categories with an operad action, recently introduced by Fiedorowicz, Stelzer and Vogt, has the desired homotopy type for diagrams of weak braided monoidal categories. This provides a more flexible way to realize E-2 spaces categorically.
We address the (pointed) homotopy of crossed module morphisms in modified categories of interest; which generalizes the groups and various algebraic structures. We prove that, the homotopy relation gives rise to an equivalence relation; furthermore a groupoid structure, without any restriction on neither domain nor co-domain of the crossed module morphism. Additionally, we consider the particular cases such as associative algebras, Leibniz algebras, Lie algebras and dialgebras of crossed modules of this generalized homotopy definition. Then as the main part of the paper, we prove that the func…
We extend the Quillen Theorem Bn for homotopy fibers of Dwyer, et al. to similar results for homotopy pullbacks and note that these results imply similar results for zigzags in the categories of relative categories and k-relative categories, not only with respect to their Reedy structures but also their Rezk structure, which turns them into models for the theories of (infinity, 1)- and (infinity, k)-categories, respectively.
We show how matrix problems (bimodule categories) can be used in studying triangulated categories. Then we apply the general technique to the classification of stable homotopy types of polyhedra, find out the "representation types" of such problems and give a description of stable homotopy types in finite and tame cases.
We consider a theory of centers and homotopy centers of monoids in monoidal categories which themselves are enriched in duoidal categories. Duoidal categories (introduced by Aguillar and Mahajan under the name 2-monoidal categories) are categories with two monoidal structures which are related by some, not necessary invertible, coherence morphisms. Centers of monoids in this sense include many examples which are not `classical.' In particular, the 2-category of categories is an example of a center in our sense. Examples of homotopy center (analogue of the classical Hochschild complex) include …
In this paper we show that both the homotopy category of strict $n$-categories, $1\leqslant n \leqslant \infty$, and the homotopy category of Steiner's augmented directed complexes are equivalent to the category of homotopy types. In order to do so, we first prove an abstract result, based on a strategy of Fritsch and Latch, giving sufficient conditions for a nerve functor with values in simplicial sets to induce an equivalence at the level of homotopy categories. We then apply this result to strict $n$-categories and augmented directed complexes, for which the hypothesis of our theorem were e…
In proper homotopy theory, the original concept of point used in the classical homotopy theory of topological spaces is generalized in order to obtain homotopy groups that study the infinite of the spaces. This idea: "Using any arbitrary object as base point" and even "any morphism as zero morphism" can be developed in most of the algebraic homotopy theories. In particular, categories with a natural cone have a generalized homotopy theory obtained through the relative homotopy relation. Generalized homotopy groups and exact sequences of them are built so that respective classical pointed ones …
We define a notion of groupoidal 2-quasi-categories and show that they are the fibrant objects of a model structure on the category of $Θ_2$-sets. We show that this model category is Quillen equivalent to the Kan-Quillen model category of simplicial sets and that 2-truncated groupoidal 2-quasi-categories are models for homotopy 2-types.
This paper gives an introduction to the homotopy theory of quasi-categories. Weak equivalences between quasi-categories are characterized as maps which induce equivalences on a naturally defined system of groupoids. These groupoids effectively replace higher homotopy groups in quasi-category homotopy theory.
We introduce, for every positive integer n, the notion of an n-relative category and show that the category of the small n-relative categories is a model for the homotopy theory of n-fold homotopy theories, i.e. homotopy theories of ... of homotopy theories.
Evidence is given for the correctness of the Joyal-Riehl-Verity construction of the homotopy bicategory of the $(\infty, 2)$-category of $(\infty, 1)$-categories; in particular, it is shown that the analogous construction using complete Segal spaces instead of quasicategories yields a bicategorically equivalent 2-category.
Let $D$ be a large category which is cocomplete. We construct a model structure (in the sense of Quillen) on the category of small functors from $D$ to simplicial sets. As an application we construct homotopy localization functors on the category of simplicial sets which satisfy a stronger universal property than the customary homotopy localization functors do.
We prove that the homotopy theory of cofibration categories is equivalent to the homotopy theory of cocomplete quasicategories. This is achieved by presenting both homotopy theories as fibration categories and constructing an explicit equivalence between them.
The main objective of this paper is to construct a symmetric monoidal closed model category of coherently commutative monoidal quasi-categories. We construct another model category structure whose fibrant objects are (essentially) those coCartesian fibrations which represent objects that are known as symmetric monoidal quasi-categories in the literature. We go on to establish a Quillen equivalence between the two model categories.
We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a Quillen model structure on small categories enriched in a given monoidal model category. This yields a unified treatment for the known model structures on simplicial, topological, dg- and spectral categories. Our proof is mainly based on a fundamental property of cofibrant enriched categories on two objects, stated below as the Interval Cofibrancy Theorem.
Like categories, small 2-categories have well-understood classifying spaces. In this paper, we deal with homotopy types represented by 2-diagrams of 2-categories. Our results extend to homotopy colimits of 2-functors lower categorical analogues that have been classically used in algebraic topology and algebraic K-theory, such as the Homotopy Invariance Theorem (by Bousfield and Kan), the Homotopy Colimit Theorem (Thomason), Theorems A and B (Quillen), or the Homotopy Cofinality Theorem (Hirschhorn).
Implementing an idea due to John Baez and James Dolan we define new invariants of Whitney stratified manifolds by considering the homotopy theory of smooth transversal maps. To each Whitney stratified manifold we assign transversal homotopy monoids, one for each natural number. The assignment is functorial for a natural class of maps which we call stratified normal submersions. When the stratification is trivial the transversal homotopy monoids are isomorphic to the usual homotopy groups. We compute some simple examples and explore the elementary properties of these invariants. We also assign …
We explain how any cofibrantly generated weak factorisation system on a category may be equipped with a universally and canonically determined choice of cofibrant replacement. We then apply this to the theory of weak omega-categories, showing that the universal and canonical cofibrant replacement of the operad for strict omega-categories is precisely Leinster's operad for weak omega-categories.
Let $\mathcal C$ be a $\mathcal V$-enriched model category. We say that an object $x$ of $\mathcal C$ is homotopy tiny if the total right derived functor of $\mathcal C(x, -) : \mathcal{C} \rightarrow {\mathcal V}$ preserves homotopy weighted colimits. Let $\mathcal C_0$ be a full subcategory of $\mathcal C$ all of whose objects are homotopy tiny. Our main result says that the homotopy category of the category generated by $\mathcal C_0$ under weak equivalences and homotopy weighted colimits is equivalent to the homotopy category of the category $\mathcal V^{\mathcal C_0^{op}}$ of $\mathcal V$…
It is shown that the category of presheaves of simplicial groupoids and the category of presheaves of 2-groupoids have Quillen closed model structures. Furthermore, their homotopy categories are equivalent to the homotopy categories of simplicial presheaves and homotopy 2-types, respectively.
In a previous article, we introduced notions of finiteness obstruction, Euler characteristic, and L^2-Euler characteristic for wide classes of categories. In this sequel, we prove the compatibility of those notions with homotopy colimits of I-indexed categories where I is any small category admitting a finite I-CW-model for its I-classifying space. Special cases of our Homotopy Colimit Formula include formulas for products, homotopy pushouts, homotopy orbits, and transport groupoids. We also apply our formulas to Haefliger complexes of groups, which extend Bass--Serre graphs of groups to highe…
The main objective of this paper is to show that the homotopy colimit of a diagram of quasi-categories and indexed by a small category is a localization of Lurie's higher Grothendieck construction of the diagram. We thereby generalize Thomason's classical result which states that the homotopy colimit of a diagram of categories has the homotopy type of (the classifying space of) the Grothendieck construction of the diagram of categories.
We show that for the homotopy category K(Ab) of complexes of abelian groups, both Brown representability and Brown representability for the dual fail. We also provide an example of a localizing subcategory of K(Ab) for which the inclusion into K(Ab) does not have a right adjoint.
Given any model category, or more generally any category with weak equivalences, its simplicial localization is a simplicial category which can rightfully be called the "homotopy theory" of the model category. There is a model category structure on the category of simplicial categories, so taking its simplicial localization yields a "homotopy theory of homotopy theories." In this paper we show that there are two different categories of diagrams of simplicial sets, each equipped with an appropriate definition of weak equivalence, such that the resulting homotopy theories are each equivalent to …
We axiomatise the theory of $(\infty,n)$-categories. We prove that the space of theories of $(\infty,n)$-categories is a $B(\mathbb{Z}/2)^n$. We prove that Rezk's complete Segal $Θ_n$-spaces, Simpson and Tamsamani's Segal $n$-categories, the first author's $n$-fold complete Segal spaces, Kan and the first author's $n$-relative categories, and complete Segal space objects in any model of $(\infty,n-1)$-categories all satisfy our axioms. Consequently, these theories are all equivalent in a manner that is unique up to the action of $(\mathbb{Z}/2)^n$.
We prove the existence of Morita model structures on the categories of small simplicial categories, simplicial sets, simplicial operads and dendroidal sets, modelling the Morita homotopy theory of $(\infty,1)$-categories and $\infty$-operads. We give a characterization of the weak equivalences in terms of simplicial presheaves, simplicial algebras and slice categories. In the case of the Morita model structure for simplicial categories and simplicial operads, we also show that each of these model structures can be obtained as an explicit left Bousfield localization of the Bergner model structu…
We consider four categories: the category of diagrams of small categories indexed by a given small category O, the (comma) category of small categories over O, the category of diagrams of simplicial sets indexed by O, and the category of simplicial sets over the nerve of O. Fritsch and Golasinski claimed that these four categories have equivalent homotopy categories but, in fact, their proof contains an error and the homotopy categories are not equivalent with the weak equivalences they use in the comma categories. We show here that the correct weak equivalences are the ``weak fibre homotopy e…
In this paper we give a summary of the comparisons between different definitions of so-called (\infty,1)-categories, which are considered to be models for \infty-categories whose n-morphisms are all invertible for n>1. They are also, from the viewpoint of homotopy theory, models for the homotopy theory of homotopy theories. The four different structures, all of which are equivalent, are simplicial categories, Segal categories, complete Segal spaces, and quasi-categories.
We prove general adjoint functor theorems for weakly (co)complete $n$-categories. This class of $n$-categories includes the homotopy $n$-categories of (co)complete $\infty$-categories, so these $n$-categories do not admit all small (co)limits in general. We also introduce Brown representability for (homotopy) $n$-categories and prove a Brown representability theorem for localizations of compactly generated $n$-categories. This class of $n$-categories includes the homotopy $n$-categories of presentable $\infty$-categories if $n \geq 2$, and the homotopy $n$-categories of presentable stable $\in…
Constructions of spectra from symmetric monoidal categories are typically functorial with respect to strict structure-preserving maps, but often the maps of interest are merely lax monoidal. We describe conditions under which one can transport the weak equivalences from one category to another with the same objects and a broader class of maps. Under mild hypotheses this process produces an equivalence of homotopy theories. We describe examples including algebras over an operad, such as symmetric monoidal categories and $n$-fold monoidal categories; and diagram categories, such as $Γ$-categorie…
If a Quillen model category can be specified using a certain logical syntax (intuitively, ``is algebraic/combinatorial enough''), so that it can be defined in any category of sheaves, then the satisfaction of Quillen's axioms over any site is a purely formal consequence of their being satisfied over the category of sets. Such data give rise to a functor from the category of topoi and geometric morphisms to Quillen model categories and Quillen adjunctions.
In this monograph we develop various aspects of the homotopy theory of exact categories. We introduce different notions of compactness and generation in exact categories $E$, and use these to study model structures on categories of chain complexes $Ch_{*}(E)$ which are induced by cotorsion pairs on $E$. As a special case we show that under very general conditions the categories $Ch_{+}(E)$, $Ch_{\ge0}(E)$, and $Ch(E)$ are equipped with the projective model structure, and that a generalisation of the Dold-Kan correspondence holds. We also establish conditions under which categories of filtered …
We develop a stable analogue to the theory of cosimplicial frames in model cagegories; this is used to enrich all homotopy categories of stable model categories over the usual stable homotopy category and to give a different description of the smash product of spectra which is compared with the known descriptions; in particular, the original smash product of Boardman is identified with the newer smash products coming from a symmetric monoidal model of the stable homotopy category.
We adopt semimodel categories to extend fundamental results related to Bousfield localizations of model categories. More specifically, we generalize Bousfield-Friedlander Theorem and Hirschhorn Localization Theorem of cellular model categories to settings where their classical formulation does not apply. We use such results to answer, in the world of semimodel categories, an open problem posed by May-Ponto about the existence of Bousfield localizations for Hurewicz and mixed type model structures.
This document is centered around a main idea: simplicial categories, by which we mean simplicial objects in the category of categories, can be treated as a two-fold categorical structure and their double category theory is homotopically meaningful. The most well-known two-fold structures are double categories, typically used to organize bimodules in various contexts. However there is no double category of spaces even though notions of bimodule are conceivable. We first remedy this defect of double category theory by constructing a meaningful simplicial category of spaces. Then we develop the a…
Homotopy limits and colimits are homotopical replacements for the usual limits and colimits of category theory, which can be approached either using classical explicit constructions or the modern abstract machinery of derived functors. Our first goal in this paper is expository: we explain both approaches and a proof of their equivalence. Our second goal is to generalize this result to enriched categories and homotopy weighted limits, showing that the classical explicit constructions still give the right answer in the abstract sense. This result partially bridges the gap between classical homo…
In this article, we interconnect two different aspects of higher category theory, in one hand the theory of infinity categories and on an other hand the theory of 2-categories.We construct an explicit functorial path objet in the model category of topological categories. We discuss some properties and consequences of such path object. We also explain the construction of a 2-monad which algebras are (symmetric) monoidal topological categories. Finally, we explain the relationship with the eventual model structure on the category of T-algebras.
In this paper, we show how certain ``stability phenomena'' in unpointed model categories provide the sets of homotopy classes with the structure of abelian heaps, i.e. abelian groups without a choice of a zero. In contrast with the classical situation of stable (pointed) model categories, these sets can be empty.
Theorem (after Giraud, SGA 4): Suppose $A$ is a simplicial category. The following conditions are equivalent: (i) There is a cofibrantly generated closed model category $M$ such that $A$ is equivalent to the Dwyer-Kan simplicial localization $L(M)$; (ii) $A$ admits all small homotopy colimits, and there is a small subset of objects of $A$ which are $A$-small, and which generate $A$ by homotopy colimits; (iii) There exists a small 1-category $C$ and a morphism $g:C\to A$ sending objects of $C$ to $A$-small objects, which induces a fully faithful inclusion $i:A\to \hat{C}$, such that $i$ admits …
This paper is a generalization of arXiv:0810.0808. We develop the de Rham homotopy theory of not necessarily nilpotent spaces, using closed dg-categories and equivariant dg-algebras. We see these two algebraic objects correspond in a certain way. We prove an equivalence between the homotopy category of schematic homotopy types and a homotopy category of closed dg-categories. We give a description of homotopy invariants of spaces in terms of minimal models. The minimal model in this context behaves much like the Sullivan's minimal model. We also provide some examples. We prove an equivalence be…
