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arXiv 1105.1980gr-qc
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重新考虑黑洞

Black holes reconsidered

Adam D. Helfer

摘要:

我回顾了黑洞理论的基础要素,注意到有问题的问题,并描述了一些技术,似乎可以帮助解决困难,或至少调查其范围。通过事件视界定义黑洞是有问题的,因为它依赖于对时空整体结构的了解;通常试图避免这种情况(例如,表观视界)需要内部几何的知识。我建议转而研究将初始视界的外部邻域与远处观察者的状态联系起来的整体论;至少在球对称的情况下,这种整体论将发展出某些普遍的特征,原则上可以从下落物体发出的信号中观察到。我将讨论弯曲时空中的量子场理论,以及霍金预言黑洞辐射的困难。然后,我表明,通常的,非常自然的,弯曲的时空中的量子场理论遇到困难时,适用于测量问题,相互作用,零点效应和应力能量。我建议我们认真对待这个理论的可能性,尽管它很自然,但可能并不完全正确。

英文摘要:

I review elements of the foundations of black-hole theory with attention to problematic issues, and describe some techniques which either seem to help with the difficulties or at least investigate their scope. The definition of black holes via event horizons has been problematic because it depends on knowing the global structure of space-time; often attempts to avoid this (e.g. apparent horizons) require knowledge of the interior geometry. I suggest studying instead the holonomy relating the exterior neighborhood of the incipient horizon to the regime of distant observers; at least in the spherically symmetric case, this holonomy will develop certain universal features, in principle observable from signals emitted from infalling objects. I discuss the theory of quantum fields in curved space-time, and the difficulties with Hawking's prediction of black-hole radiation. I then show that the usual, very natural, theory of quantum fields in curved space-time runs into difficulties when applied to measurement problems, interactions, zero-point effects and stress-energies. I suggest that we take seriously the possibility that this theory, for all its naturalness, may not be quite right.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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