北美电功率基础设施拓扑结构和电气结构的比较
Comparing the Topological and Electrical Structure of the North American Electric Power Infrastructure
摘要：
复杂网络的拓扑（图）结构通常提供有关网络性能和脆弱性的有价值的信息。然而，有多种方法可以将给定的网络表示为图。电功率传输和分配网络具有可直接表示和分析为图的拓扑结构。然而，简单的图模型忽略了欧姆定律和基尔霍夫定律所产生的组件之间的全面联系。本文从拓扑和电气连通性两个方面描述了北美三大电功率互联网的结构。我们比较了这些网络的简单拓扑结构和随机网络的拓扑结构（Erdos and Renyi，1959），偏好依恋（Barabasi和Albert，1999年）和小世界（Watts和Strogatz，1998）网络的等效大小，并发现电网在度分布，聚类，直径和可伸缩性方面与这些抽象模型有很大不同，从而得出结论，这些拓扑形式作为电力系统模型可能会产生误导。为了研究电力系统的电气连通性，我们提出了一种新的方法来表示电气结构使用电气距离，而不是地理连接。北美电网的这两种表示的比较揭示了电力网的电气和拓扑结构之间的显着差异。
英文摘要：
The topological (graph) structure of complex networks often provides valuable information about the performance and vulnerability of the network. However, there are multiple ways to represent a given network as a graph. Electric power transmission and distribution networks have a topological structure that is straightforward to represent and analyze as a graph. However, simple graph models neglect the comprehensive connections between components that result from Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws. This paper describes the structure of the three North American electric power interconnections, from the perspective of both topological and electrical connectivity. We compare the simple topology of these networks with that of random (Erdos and Renyi, 1959), preferential-attachment (Barabasi and Albert, 1999) and small-world (Watts and Strogatz, 1998) networks of equivalent sizes and find that power grids differ substantially from these abstract models in degree distribution, clustering, diameter and assortativity, and thus conclude that these topological forms may be misleading as models of power systems. To study the electrical connectivity of power systems, we propose a new method for representing electrical structure using electrical distances rather than geographic connections. Comparisons of these two representations of the North American power networks reveal notable differences between the electrical and topological structure of electric power networks.
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