AI 中文总结
本研究结合图论拓扑生成与多部门耦合能源系统模型，评估德国2035年CO₂输运网络，发现接入关键工业源区与汇点时，输运基础设施可用性比拓扑结构更重要，500公里管道可获大部分经济收益
AI 中文摘要
德国的气候目标要求针对水泥生产、垃圾焚烧等难以减排的行业产生的残余排放开展碳捕集与封存。规划该基础设施颇具挑战，因为捕集投资与CO₂输运网络存在强相互依赖关系。现有能源系统模型能捕捉全系统交互，但对稳健输运拓扑结构的见解有限；而详细的基础设施研究通常会忽略与更广泛能源系统的反馈作用。本研究将图论拓扑生成方法与大规模多部门耦合能源系统模型相结合，评估德国2035年的不同CO₂输运网络。我们生成并评估了60种候选拓扑结构，这些结构在网络长度、汇点可达性和源点优先级方面存在差异。与无CO₂管道的情景相比，部署国内CO₂输运网络可将德国消费者成本降低约220亿欧元/年。该网络主要被工业点源使用，包括工艺排放、水泥生产和基于生物质的二氧化碳移除，而备用发电的贡献相对较小。输运走廊在德国西北部被多次选中并利用，这反映了工业CO₂源的集中以及对国际封存路线的获取。早期接入荷兰的汇点基础设施具有特别高的系统价值。与1500公里的管道相比，当北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚与荷兰连接时，仅500公里的CO₂管道基础设施就能捕获大部分经济收益，同时还能限制长期输运基础设施的锁定。这些发现表明，一旦主要工业源区和汇点接入点被连接，CO₂输运基础设施的可用性比确切的拓扑结构更为重要。
英文摘要
Germany's climate target requires carbon capture and sequestration for residual emissions from hard-to-abate sectors such as cement production and waste incineration. Planning this infrastructure is challenging because capture investments and CO2 transport networks are strongly interdependent. Existing energy system models capture system-wide interactions but provide limited insight into robust transport topologies, while detailed infrastructure studies usually neglect feedbacks with the wider energy system. This study combines graph-theoretic topology generation with a large-scale sector-coupled energy system model to evaluate alternative CO2 transport networks for Germany in 2035. We generate and evaluate 60 candidate topologies that differ in network length, sink accessibility and source prioritization. The deployment of a domestic CO2 transport network reduces German consumer costs by around 22 bnEUR/a relative to a scenario without CO2 pipelines. The resulting network is primarily used by industrial point sources, including process emissions, cement production and biomass-based carbon dioxide removal, while contributions from backup power generation remain comparatively small. Transport corridors are repeatedly selected and utilized in north-western Germany, reflecting the concentration of industrial CO2 sources and access to international sequestration routes. Early access to Dutch sink infrastructure provides particularly high system value. Compared to 1500 km, as little as 500 km of CO2 pipeline infrastructure captures most of the economic benefit when North Rhine-Westphalia is connected to the Netherlands, while also limiting long-term transport infrastructure lock-in. These findings suggest that the availability of CO2 transport infrastructure is more important than the exact topology once major industrial source regions and sink access points are connected.
