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arXiv 1104.4786astro-ph.SR
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极早期O超巨星HD 93129 A的钱德拉X射线光谱学:对风冲击和质量损失率的限制

Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of the very early O supergiant HD 93129A: constraints on wind shocks and the mass-loss rate

David H. Cohen, Marc Gagné, Maurice A. Leutenegger, James P. MacArthur, Emma E. Wollman, Jon O. Sundqvist, Alex W. Fullerton, Stanley P. Owocki

摘要:

我们目前的分析解决X射线发射线的轮廓和宽带X射线光谱的O2如果 * 星HD 93129 A,测量与钱德拉HETGS。这颗恒星是银河系中最早和最大质量的恒星之一,并提供了一个非常密集和强大的风中嵌入风冲击场景的测试。一个主要的新结果是,密集风的连续吸收是观测到的X射线光谱的硬度的主要原因,而碰撞风冲击的固有硬发射贡献不到10%的X射线通量。我们发现的结果与数值模拟的线驱动不稳定性的预测一致,包括线加宽表示的发病半径的X射线发射的十分之几Rstar。类氦的禁止线与组合线的比率与这个起始半径是一致的,并且与在距离恒星最近的视觉伴星约100 AU的风碰撞界面中形成的不一致。宽带X射线谱与仅kT = 0.6 keV的主要发射温度以及显著的风吸收相匹配。宽带风吸收和谱线提供了风质量损失率的两个独立测量值:Mdot = 5.2_{-1.5}^{+1.8} \times 10^{-6} Msun/yr和Mdot = 6.8_{-2.2}^{+2.8} \times 10^{-6} Msun/yr。这是大质量恒星中X射线线轮廓形状和宽带X射线光谱能量分布的第一个一致的模型,与假设平滑风的标准H-α质量损失率相比,它减少了3到4倍。

英文摘要:

We present analysis of both the resolved X-ray emission line profiles and the broadband X-ray spectrum of the O2 If* star HD 93129A, measured with the Chandra HETGS. This star is among the earliest and most massive stars in the Galaxy, and provides a test of the embedded wind shock scenario in a very dense and powerful wind. A major new result is that continuum absorption by the dense wind is the primary cause of the hardness of the observed X-ray spectrum, while intrinsically hard emission from colliding wind shocks contributes less than 10% of the X-ray flux. We find results consistent with the predictions of numerical simulations of the line-driving instability, including line broadening indicating an onset radius of X-ray emission of several tenths Rstar. Helium-like forbidden-to-intercombination line ratios are consistent with this onset radius, and inconsistent with being formed in a wind-collision interface with the star's closest visual companion at a distance of ~100 AU. The broadband X-ray spectrum is fit with a dominant emission temperature of just kT = 0.6 keV along with significant wind absorption. The broadband wind absorption and the line profiles provide two independent measurements of the wind mass-loss rate: Mdot = 5.2_{-1.5}^{+1.8} \times 10^{-6} Msun/yr and Mdot = 6.8_{-2.2}^{+2.8} \times 10^{-6} Msun/yr, respectively. This is the first consistent modeling of the X-ray line profile shapes and broadband X-ray spectral energy distribution in a massive star, and represents a reduction of a factor of 3 to 4 compared to the standard H-alpha mass-loss rate that assumes a smooth wind.

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