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arXiv 1105.2387astro-ph.SR
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计算快速运动演化恒星弓形激波中的尘埃分布

Computing the dust distribution in the bowshock of a fast moving, evolved star

Allard Jan van Marle, Zakaria Meliani, Rony Keppens, Leen Decin

摘要:

研究了快速运动的红超巨星湍流相互作用区的流体动力学行为。在这种风-星际介质碰撞中,形成了常见的弓形激波、接触间断和风终止激波形态,并伴随着局部不稳定性的发展。我们的模型包括对恒星风中尘埃颗粒的详细处理,并考虑到尘埃和气体之间的阻力。粉尘被视为按粒度分类的无压气体成分,我们使用十个有代表性的粒度箱。我们的模拟可以推断不同大小的尘埃颗粒如何分布在整个拱星介质中。我们发现,较小的尘埃颗粒(半径<0.045微米)往往强烈绑定到气体,因此密切遵循气体密度分布,由于风相关的接触不连续性本质上是流体动力学不稳定性,具有复杂的精细结构。较大的晶粒,阻力更大,有自己独特的灰尘分布,与气体形态的渐进偏差。具体来说,小尘埃颗粒完全停留在受冲击的风物质所约束的区域内。大颗粒能够离开冲击风层,并能穿透冲击甚至未冲击的星际介质。根据尘埃颗粒的数量如何随颗粒大小而变化,这应该会在红超巨星和其他演化恒星的弓形激波的红外观测中留下清晰的印记。

英文摘要:

We study the hydrodynamical behavior occurring in the turbulent interaction zone of a fast moving red supergiant star, where the circumstellar and interstellar material collide. In this wind-interstellar medium collision, the familiar bow shock, contact discontinuity, and wind termination shock morphology forms, with localized instability development. Our model includes a detailed treatment of dust grains in the stellar wind, and takes into account the drag forces between dust and gas. The dust is treated as pressureless gas components binned per grainsize, for which we use ten representative grainsize bins. Our simulations allow to deduce how dust grains of varying sizes become distributed throughout the circumstellar medium. We show that smaller dust grains (radius <0.045 micro-meters) tend to be strongly bound to the gas and therefore follow the gas density distribution closely, with intricate finestructure due to essentially hydrodynamical instabilities at the wind-related contact discontinuity. Larger grains which are more resistant to drag forces are shown to have their own unique dust distribution, with progressive deviations from the gas morphology. Specifically, small dust grains stay entirely within the zone bound by shocked wind material. The large grains are capable of leaving the shocked wind layer, and can penetrate into the shocked or even unshocked interstellar medium. Depending on how the number of dust grains varies with grainsize, this should leave a clear imprint in infrared observations of bowshocks of red supergiants and other evolved stars.

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