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arXiv 1106.3256astro-ph.SR
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从演化恒星到大麦云的质量损失返回V. GRAMS碳星模型网格

The mass-loss return from evolved stars to the Large Magellanic Cloud V. The GRAMS carbon-star model grid

Sundar Srinivasan, Benjamin A. Sargent, Margaret Meixner

摘要:

来自AGB和RSG恒星外流的总尘埃返回率是银河系化学演化模型的一个重要约束。然而,这需要对单个恒星进行详细的辐射转移(RT)建模,这对于大数据集来说变得不切实际。另一种方法是从尘埃壳模型的网格中选择最佳拟合的光谱能量分布(SED),从而更快地确定整个样品的光度和质量损失率。我们开发了RSG和AGB模型的网格(GRAMS)来测量演化恒星的质量损失返回。这些模型涵盖了与演化恒星相关的恒星、尘埃壳和颗粒性质的范围。在本文中,我们提出了碳星网格和比较我们的结果与大麦云(LMC)碳星的数据从SAGE和SAGE-Spec计划。我们生成球对称的尘埃壳模型使用2Dust代码,与流体静力学模型的中心恒星。我们探讨了尘埃壳层的内半径R_in的五个值(1.5,3,4.5,7和12 R_star)。我们使用无定形碳粉末与10%的碳化硅混合,按质量计。晶粒尺寸遵循KMH分布。该模型跨越26个值的11.3微米的光学深度,范围从0.001到4。对于每个型号,2Dust计算输出SED从0.2到200 um。超过12,000个模型的尘埃温度低于1800 K。GRAMS合成测光与SAGE测光对于LMC富碳和极端AGB恒星候选者以及SAGE-Spec研究中光谱证实的碳星具有良好的一致性。我们的模型再现了大多数极端AGB恒星候选者的IRAC颜色,这与大多数这些被遮蔽的恒星具有富含碳的尘埃的预期一致。最后,我们拟合了一些研究得很好的碳星的SED,并将所得的光度和质量损失率与以前的研究结果进行了比较。

英文摘要:

The total dust return rate from AGB and RSG star outflows is an important constraint to galactic chemical evolution models. However, this requires detailed radiative transfer (RT) modeling of individual stars, which becomes impractical for large data sets. Another approach is to select the best-fit spectral energy distribution (SED) from a grid of dust shell models, allowing for a faster determination of the luminosities and mass-loss rates for entire samples. We have developed the Grid of RSG and AGB ModelS (GRAMS) to measure the mass-loss return from evolved stars. The models span the range of stellar, dust shell and grain properties relevant to evolved stars. In this paper we present the carbon-star grid and compare our results with data of Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) carbon stars from the SAGE and SAGE-Spec programs. We generate spherically symmetric dust shell models using the 2Dust code, with hydrostatic models for the central stars. We explore five values of the inner radius R_in of the dust shell (1.5, 3, 4.5, 7 and 12 R_star). We use amorphous carbon dust mixed with 10% silicon carbide by mass. The grain sizes follows a KMH distribution. The models span 26 values of 11.3 um optical depth, ranging from 0.001 to 4. For each model, 2Dust calculates the output SED from 0.2 to 200 um. Over 12,000 models have dust temperatures below 1800 K. The GRAMS synthetic photometry is in good agreement with SAGE photometry for LMC carbon-rich and extreme AGB star candidates, as well as spectroscopically confirmed carbon stars from the SAGE-Spec study. Our models reproduce the IRAC colors of most of the extreme AGB star candidates, consistent with the expectation that a majority of these enshrouded stars have carbon-rich dust. Finally, we fit the SEDs of some well-studied carbon stars and compare the resulting luminosities and mass-loss rates with those from previous studies.

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