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arXiv 2102.01500astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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O星嵌入式风激波X射线发射的Chandra光栅光谱显示出低的等离子体温度和显著的风吸收

Chandra grating spectroscopy of embedded wind shock X-ray emission from O stars shows low plasma temperatures and significant wind absorption

David H. Cohen, Winter Parts, Graham M. Doskoch, Jiaming Wang, Véronique Petit, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Marc Gagné

摘要:

我们提出了一个统一的分析的六个例子嵌入风激波(EWS)O星X射线源在高分辨率的钱德拉光栅光谱仪观察。通过模拟热等离子体发射和连续吸收的软X射线的冷,部分电离的大部分风,我们推导出的冲击加热的等离子体的温度分布和风的质量损失率的每一个明星。我们发现每颗恒星的热风等离子体都有类似的温度分布,与幂律微分发射测量值$\frac{d\log EM}{d\log T}$一致,斜率略大于-2,直到温度只有$10^7$ K左右。风的质量损失率,这是来自宽带X射线吸收的频谱特征,是从其他诊断发现的一致。这项研究最值得注意的结论是,风吸收是一个非常重要的影响,特别是在较长的波长。例如,在$ζ$船尾座的风中产生的18到25埃单位的X射线中,有90%以上被吸收。O型星光谱亚型的X射线硬度的经验趋势主要是吸收效应。

英文摘要:

We present a uniform analysis of six examples of embedded wind shock (EWS) O star X-ray sources observed at high resolution with the Chandra grating spectrometers. By modeling both the hot plasma emission and the continuum absorption of the soft X-rays by the cool, partially ionized bulk of the wind we derive the temperature distribution of the shock-heated plasma and the wind mass-loss rate of each star. We find a similar temperature distribution for each star's hot wind plasma, consistent with a power-law differential emission measure, $\frac{d\log EM}{d\log T}$, with a slope a little steeper than -2, up to temperatures of only about $10^7$ K. The wind mass-loss rates, which are derived from the broadband X-ray absorption signatures in the spectra, are consistent with those found from other diagnostics. The most notable conclusion of this study is that wind absorption is a very important effect, especially at longer wavelengths. More than 90 per cent of the X-rays between 18 and 25 Angstrom units produced by shocks in the wind of $ζ$ Puppis are absorbed, for example. It appears that the empirical trend of X-ray hardness with spectral subtype among O stars is primarily an absorption effect.

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