Redshift Determination and CO Line Excitation Modeling for the Multiply-Lensed Galaxy HLSW-01
K. S. Scott, R. E. Lupu, J. E. Aguirre, R. Auld, H. Aussel, A. J. Baker, A. Beelen, J. Bock, C. M. Bradford, D. Brisbin, D. Burgarella, J. M. Carpenter, P. Chan… 展开作者
K. S. Scott, R. E. Lupu, J. E. Aguirre, R. Auld, H. Aussel, A. J. Baker, A. Beelen, J. Bock, C. M. Bradford, D. Brisbin, D. Burgarella, J. M. Carpenter, P. Chanial, S. C. Chapman, D. L. Clements, A. Conley, A. Cooray, P. Cox, C. D. Dowell, S. Eales, D. Farrah, A. Franceschini, D. T. Frayer, R. Gavazzi, J. Glenn, M. Griffin, A. I. Harris, E. Ibar, R. J. Ivison, J. Kamenetzky, S. Kim, M. Krips, P. R. Maloney, H. Matsuhara, A. M. J. Mortier, E. J. Murphy, B. J. Naylor, R. Neri, H. T. Nguyen, S. J. Oliver, A. Omont, M. J. Page, A. Papageorgiou, C. P. Pearson, I. Perez-Fournon, M. Pohlen, J. I. Rawlings, G. Raymond, D. Riechers, G. Rodighiero, I. G. Roseboom, M. Rowan-Robinson, D. Scott, N. Seymour, A. J. Smith, M. Symeonidis, K. E. Tugwell, M. Vaccari, J. D. Vieira, L. Vigroux, L. Wang, G. Wright, J. Zmuidzinas
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18 pages, 5 figures, 2 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
We report on the redshift measurement and CO line excitation of HERMES J105751.1+573027 (HLSW-01), a strongly lensed submillimeter galaxy discovered in Herschel/SPIRE observations as part of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES). HLSW-01 is an ultra-luminous galaxy with an intrinsic far-infrared luminosity of 1.4x10^(13) solar luminosities, and is lensed by a massive group of galaxies into at least four images with a total magnification of 10.9+/-0.7. With the 100 GHz instantaneous bandwidth of the Z-Spec instrument on the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, we robustly identify a redshift of z=2.958+/-0.007 for this source, using the simultaneous detection of four CO emission lines (J = 7-6, J = 8-7, J = 9-8, and J = 10-9). Combining the measured line fluxes for these high-J transitions with the J = 1-0, J = 3-2 and J = 5-4 line fluxes measured with the Green Bank Telescope, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy, and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer, respectively, we model the physical properties of the molecular gas in this galaxy. We find that the full CO spectral line energy distribution is well described by warm, moderate-density gas with Tkin = 86-235 K and n(H2) = (1.1-3.5)x10^3 cm^(-3). However, it is possible that the highest-J transitions are tracing a small fraction of very dense gas in molecular cloud cores, and two-component models that include a warm/dense molecular gas phase with Tkin ~ 200 K, n(H2) ~ 10^5 cm^(-3) are also consistent with these data. Higher signal-to-noise measurements of the J(upper) > 7 transitions with high spectral resolution, combined with high spatial resolution CO maps, are needed to improve our understanding of the gas excitation, morphology, and dynamics of this interesting high-redshift galaxy.
Predicted multiply-imaged X-ray AGNs in the XXL survey
我们估计了XXL场中X射线选择点状源的光学对应物中多重成像活动星系核的入射。我们还得到预期的统计特性,如红移分布的透镜源和偏转器,导致形成多个图像,建模的偏转器使用球形(SIS)和椭球形(SIE)奇异等温质量分布。我们进一步假设,XXL调查样本具有相同的整体属性作为较小的XMM-COSMOS样本限制在相同的通量限制,并考虑到检测概率的XXL调查。在[0.5-2] keV波段通量大于3.0 × 10 $^{-15}$ erg cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$且光学对应物比r波段星等25亮的X射线源中,我们预计约有20个多重成像源。如果在活动星系核的X射线光学对应物的视限图像中进行搜索,其中约16个应该被检测到,并且其中只有一个应该由两个以上的透镜图像组成。最后,我们研究了宇宙学模型对透镜源的预期分数的影响。
Identifying multiply imaged quasars is challenging due to their low density in the sky and the limited angular resolution of wide field surveys. We show that multiply imaged quasars can be identified using unresolved light curves, without assuming a light curve template or any prior information. After describing our method, we show using simulations that it can attain high precision and recall when we consider high-quality data with negligible noise well below the variability of the light curves. As the noise level increases to that of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) telescope, we find tha…
CLASH: Discovery of a Bright z~6.2 Dwarf Galaxy Quadruply Lensed by MACS J0329.6-0211
We report the discovery of a z_{phot} =6.18^{+0.05}_{-0.07} (95% confidence level) dwarf galaxy, lensed into four images by the galaxy cluster MACS J0329.6-0211 ( z_{l} =0.45). The galaxy is observed as a high-redshift dropout in HST/ACS/WFC3 CLASH and Spitzer/IRAC imaging. Its redshift is securely determined due to a clear detection of the Lyman-break in the 18-band photometry, making this galaxy one of the highest-redshift multiply-lensed objects known to date with an observed magnitude of F125W=24.00 \pm 0.04 AB mag for its highest-magnified image. We also present the first strong-lensing a…
We report the discovery of an intrinsically faint, quintuply-imaged, dusty galaxy MACS0600-z6 at a redshift $z=$6.07 viewed through the cluster MACSJ0600.1-2008 ($z$=0.46). A $\simeq4σ$ dust detection is seen at 1.2mm as part of the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS), an on-going ALMA Large program, and the redshift is secured via [C II] 158 $μ$m emission described in a companion paper. In addition, spectroscopic follow-up with GMOS/Gemini-North shows a break in the galaxy's spectrum, consistent with the Lyman break at that redshift. We use a detailed mass model of the cluster and infer a magn…
Follow-up of SN 2025wny VI: The Rate and Detectable Population of Strongly Lensed SLSNe-I in ZTF
Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);University of Birmingham(伯明翰大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Weizmann Institute of Science(魏茨曼科学研究所)
本文通过前向模拟验证 ZTF 七年发现一例强透镜 SLSN-I 的速率,并校正 SN 2025wny 的偏差,发现其典型但像间距偏大,暗示宽间距系统速率可能更高。
When the light from a distant object passes very near to a foreground galaxy or cluster, gravitational lensing can cause it to appear as multiple images on the sky. If the source is variable, it can be used to constrain the cosmic expansion rate and dark energy models. Achieving these cosmological goals requires many lensed transients with precise time delay measurements. Lensed supernovae (SN) are attractive for this purpose because they have relatively simple photometric behavior, with well-understood light curve shapes and colours $-$ in contrast to the stochastic variation of quasars. Here…
The observed lensed fraction of high-redshift quasars $(\sim0.2\%)$ is significantly lower than previous theoretical predictions $(\gtrsim4\%)$. We revisit the lensed fraction of high-redshift quasars predicted by theoretical models, where we adopt recent measurements of galaxy velocity dispersion functions (VDFs) and explore a wide range of quasar luminosity function (QLF) parameters. We use both analytical methods and mock catalogs which give consistent results. For ordinary QLF parameters and the depth of current high-redshift quasar surveys $(m_z\lesssim22)$, our model suggests a multiply-…
Disentangling a group of lensed submm galaxies at z~2.9
MS $\,$ 0451.6 $-$ 0305是一个丰富的星系团,其强烈的透镜效应在亚毫米波段尤为突出。我们将新的SCUBA-2数据与Herschel SPIRE和PACS以及HST的成像相结合,以试图了解被透镜化的源的性质。在“巨型亚毫米弧”区域,我们发现了七个多重成像星系(从以前已知的三个),其中六个被发现的红移为$z\sim2.9$,并可能构成一个相互作用的系统。使用一种新的前向建模方法,我们能够同时去融合和适合的SEDs的个别星系,有助于巨大的submm弧,约束他们的尘埃温度,远红外光度和恒星形成率。由SCUBA首先发现的亚毫米弧现在可以看到至少由五个不同的源组成,其中四个位于$z\sim2.9$的星系群内。这个星系群的总非透镜光度是$(3.1\pm0.3) \times 10^{12}\,\mathrm{L}_\odot$,这给出了一个非透镜恒星形成率为$(450\pm50)$ M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$。从这个系统的性质,我们看到没有证据的演化向更低的温度在尘埃温度与远红外光度关系的高红移星系。
Our light-traces-mass (LTM) strong-lensing model for MACS J1149.5+2223 has played several key roles over the last decade: it aided the identification of multiple images in this cluster and the study of MACS1149-JD1 at redshift $z\simeq9$, it was used to estimate the properties of the first multiply imaged supernova, Refsdal, in its discovery paper, and of the first caustic crossing event by a cluster, Lensed Star 1. Supernova Refsdal supplied an invaluable opportunity to conduct a blind test of the ability of common lens-modeling techniques to accurately describe the properties of SN Refsdal's…
JWST's PEARLS: 119 multiply imaged galaxies behind MACS0416, lensing properties of caustic crossing galaxies, and the relation between halo mass and number of globular clusters at $z=0.4$
The discovery of lensed radio and X-ray sources behind the Frontier Fields cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 with the JVLA and Chandra
我们报告的高分辨率JVLA和钱德拉观测的HST前沿星系团MACS J0717.5+3745。MACS J0717.5+3745提供了任何已知星团中最大的连续放大区域,使其成为寻找透镜射电和X射线源的有希望的目标。利用高分辨率1.0-6.5 GHz JVLA成像,在A和B配置下,我们在HST成像覆盖的区域内探测到总共51个紧凑的射电源。在这个样本中,我们发现7个放大因子大于$2$的透镜源。这些来源都没有被确定为多重透镜。根据射电光度,这些来源中的大多数可能是恒星形成的星系,恒星形成率为10-50 M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$,位于$1 \lesssim z \lesssim 2$。两个透镜射电源也在星团的钱德拉图像中被检测到。这两个源很可能是活动星系核,因为它们的$2-10$ keV X射线光度是$\sim 10^{43-44}$ erg s $^{-1}$。从推导出的射电光度函数,我们发现的证据,在$0.6<z<2.0$的射电源的数量密度增加,相比,一个$z < 0.3$样本。我们的观测结果表明,透镜星系团的深射电成像可以用来研究恒星形成星系,恒星形成率低至$\sim10$ M $_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$,在宇宙恒星形成历史的高峰期。
Gaia GraL X.: The GraL catalogue of gravitationally lensed quasars Matched with \textit{Gaia} data, redshifts, and time delays
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS(波尔多天体物理学实验室,波尔多大学,法国国家科学研究中心);Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo(圣保罗大学天文、地球物理与大气科学研究所);Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine(加州大学尔湾分校唐纳德·布伦信息与计算机科学学院);CENTRA/SIM, Faculdade de Ciéncias, Universidade de Lisboa(里斯本大学理学院CENTRA/SIM);Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange(蔚蓝海岸大学,蔚蓝海岸天文台,法国国家科学研究中心,拉格朗日实验室);Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney(悉尼大学物理学院悉尼天文学研究所);Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室)
The first JWST data on the massive colliding cluster El Gordo confirm 23 known families of multiply lensed images and identify 8 new members of these families. Based on these families, which have been confirmed spectroscopically by MUSE, we derived an initial lens model. This model guided the identification of 37 additional families of multiply lensed galaxies, among which 28 are entirely new systems, and 9 were previously known. The initial lens model determined geometric redshifts for the 37 new systems. The geometric redshifts agree reasonably well with spectroscopic or photometric redshift…
We report the discovery of two extremely magnified lensed star candidates behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0647.7+7015, in recent multi-band James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam observations. The candidates are seen in a previously known, $z_{phot}\simeq4.8$ dropout giant arc that straddles the critical curve. The candidates lie near the expected critical curve position but lack clear counter images on the other side of it, suggesting these are possibly stars undergoing caustic crossings. We present revised lensing models for the cluster, including multiply imaged galaxies newly identified …
Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: Detection of dust emission in multiple images of a normal galaxy at $z>4$ lensed by a Frontier Fields cluster