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arXiv 1104.2809cs.CGcs.CCcs.DScs.ET
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几何瓦片的自组装

Self-Assembly with Geometric Tiles

Bin Fu, Matthew J. Patitz, Robert T. Schweller, Bobby Sheline

摘要:

在这项工作中,我们提出了一个概括的Winfree的抽象瓷砖组装模型(aTAM)中,瓷砖类型被分配刚性的形状,或几何形状,沿每个瓷砖面。我们研究的数量不同的瓷砖类型需要组装的形状在这个模型中,所需的温度进行有效的组装,并设计紧凑的几何面,以满足给定的兼容性规范的问题。我们的研究结果表明,在温度为1的最简单的模型,满足柯尔莫哥洛夫复杂性的下限,和$O(\log\log n)$在一个模型中,瓷砖聚集体必须一起移动通过无障碍路径内的平面,组装$n \times n$广场$Θ(\sqrt{\log n})$所需的瓷砖类型的数量显着减少。这与基本aTAM中所需的温度2下的$Θ(\log n / \log\log n)$瓷砖类型形成对比。我们还提供了一个通用的方法来模拟一个大的和计算通用类的温度2 aTAM系统的几何瓦片在温度1。最后,我们考虑的问题,计算一组紧凑的几何面的瓷砖系统,以实现一组给定的兼容性规范。我们展示了一些界限的复杂性的几何尺寸所需的各种类别的兼容性规范,其中许多我们直接应用到我们的瓷砖组装的结果,以实现非平凡的几何尺寸的减少。

英文摘要:

In this work we propose a generalization of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) in which tile types are assigned rigid shapes, or geometries, along each tile face. We examine the number of distinct tile types needed to assemble shapes within this model, the temperature required for efficient assembly, and the problem of designing compact geometric faces to meet given compatibility specifications. Our results show a dramatic decrease in the number of tile types needed to assemble $n \times n$ squares to $Θ(\sqrt{\log n})$ at temperature 1 for the most simple model which meets a lower bound from Kolmogorov complexity, and $O(\log\log n)$ in a model in which tile aggregates must move together through obstacle free paths within the plane. This stands in contrast to the $Θ(\log n / \log\log n)$ tile types at temperature 2 needed in the basic aTAM. We also provide a general method for simulating a large and computationally universal class of temperature 2 aTAM systems with geometric tiles at temperature 1. Finally, we consider the problem of computing a set of compact geometric faces for a tile system to implement a given set of compatibility specifications. We show a number of bounds on the complexity of geometry size needed for various classes of compatibility specifications, many of which we directly apply to our tile assembly results to achieve non-trivial reductions in geometry size.

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