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arXiv 1104.0020astro-ph.CO
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11 Mpc以内的膨胀类型的人口统计及其对星系演化的意义

Demographics of Bulge Types within 11 Mpc and Implications for Galaxy Evolution

David B. Fisher, Niv Drory

摘要:

我们提出了一个库存的星系核球类型(椭圆星系,经典的核球,pseudobull,和无核星系)在一个体积有限的样本内的本地11 Mpc体积使用斯皮策3.6微米和HST数据。我们发现,无论是计数的数量,恒星形成率,或恒星质量,占主导地位的星系类型在本地宇宙具有纯粹的磁盘特性(无论是托管一个pseudoclull或无凸起)。包含赝球或不包含球的星系占恒星质量大于10^9太阳质量的星系总数的80%以上。在11 Mpc的局部区域,经典的球和椭圆星系约占恒星质量的1/4,而盘约占3/4。在局部体积中,约有2/3的恒星形成发生在具有伪凸起的星系中。研究了具有不同核球类型的星系所占比例与恒星质量的关系,发现经典核球的出现频率随恒星质量的增加而增加,并在10^{10.5} M太阳以上占主导地位.在10^{9.5}-10 ^{10.5} M_sun附近,星系以假隆起为主.然而,质量较低的星系最有可能是没有凸起的。如果伪凸起不是合并的产物,那么局部宇宙中伪凸起的频率对星系演化模型构成了挑战。

英文摘要:

We present an inventory of galaxy bulge types (elliptical galaxy, classical bulge, pseudobulge, and bulgeless galaxy) in a volume-limited sample within the local 11 Mpc volume using Spitzer 3.6 micron and HST data. We find that whether counting by number, star formation rate, or stellar mass, the dominant galaxy type in the local universe has pure disk characteristics (either hosting a pseudobulge or being bulgeless). Galaxies that contain either a pseudobulge or no bulge combine to account for over 80% of the number of galaxies above a stellar mass of 10^9 M_sun. Classical bulges and elliptical galaxies account for ~1/4, and disks for ~3/4 of the stellar mass in the local 11 Mpc. About 2/3 of all star formation in the local volume takes place in galaxies with pseudobulges. Looking at the fraction of galaxies with different bulge types as a function of stellar mass, we find that the frequency of classical bulges strongly increases with stellar mass, and comes to dominate above 10^{10.5} M_sun. Galaxies with pseudobulges dominate at 10^{9.5}-10^{10.5} M_sun. Yet lower-mass galaxies are most likely to be bulgeless. If pseudobulges are not a product of mergers, then the frequency of pseudobulges in the local universe poses a challenge for galaxy evolution models.

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