arXiv 1102.35142011-02-21physics.optics

非均匀偏振光场的机械action和内能流的探测

Mechanical action of inhomogeneously polarized optical fields and detection of the internal energy flows

Aleksandr Bekshaev, Svetlana Sviridova

备注：: 16 pages, 5 figures

摘要：

我们数值分析之间的对应关系的机械作用，所经历的球形微粒，和内能流以及空间和偏振不均匀性的光场入射到粒子上。用两个平面波的叠加来模拟非均匀入射场，利用Mie理论计算了不同尺寸和光学性质的电介质和导电粒子对非均匀入射场的力学作用。结果表明，场动量的自旋分量和轨道分量都能产生力学作用，从而可用于光束内能流的实验研究。然而，施加到粒子上的力的确切值甚至方向取决于场-粒子相互作用的许多细节。此外，与任何形式的能量流无关的力（我们将其归因于由于强度不均匀而产生的梯度力和由于不均匀极化而产生的偶极力）可以强烈地修改所观察到的机械作用。在利用悬浮在光场中的探测粒子的运动进行实验时，应考虑这些结果。我们假设光场对粒子施加依赖于偏振的力学作用的情形可以看作是光的自旋轨道相互作用的一种新形式。

英文摘要：

We analyze numerically the correspondence between the mechanical action, experienced by a spherical microparticle, and the internal energy flows as well as spatial and polarization inhomogeneity of the light field incident on the particle. The inhomogeneous incident field is modelled by superposition of two plane waves, the mechanical action is calculated via the Mie theory for dielectric and conducting particles of different sizes and optical properties. It is shown that both spin and orbital components of the field momentum can produce the mechanical action, which can thus be used for experimental study of the internal energy flows in light beams. However, exact value and even direction of the force applied to a particle depends on many details of the field-particle interaction. Besides, forces that are not associated with any sort of the energy flow (we attribute them to the gradient force owing to the inhomogeneous intensity and to the dipole force emerging due to inhomogeneous polarization) can strongly modify the observed mechanical action. The results should be taken into account in experiments employing the motion of probing particles suspended within optical fields. We suppose that situations where an optical field exerts the polarization-dependent mechanical action on particles can be treated as a new form of the spin-orbit interaction of light.

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