发表机构
Westlake University; Westlake Institute for Advanced Study; Zhejiang University; Suzhou Laboratory（西湖大学; 西湖高等研究院; 浙江大学; 苏州实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过模拟提出纳米级定子-转子结构，利用圆偏振光产生非保守切向力，实现转子持续轨道运动，并通过材料优化降低温升，为纳米尺度循环光学驱动提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
光诱导的力和力矩为远程驱动微观物体提供了一种通用策略，实现了包括光镊和光驱动纳米机器在内的突破。然而，将这种光学驱动扩展到持续的循环运动，需要根本不同的设计，特别是需要能够在重复循环中传递非零机械功的力。在这里，我们通过模拟展示了一种纳米级定子-转子结构，该结构在圆偏振平面波照射下实现了球形转子的持续轨道运动。离心的转子位移定义了定子-转子的结构极性。与这种极性耦合的光学手性产生了一个垂直于瞬时定子-转子方向的切向力；当转子绕定子运动时，力的方向也随之旋转。电动力学对称性分析表明，这种响应源于反对称的非保守力，这些力产生非零的闭合循环功，而线偏振则产生对称的保守响应，闭合循环功为零。材料筛选和贝叶斯优化确定了Ag纳米壳设计区域，而帕累托分析则平衡了切向驱动和径向约束。一个平衡的候选方案预计在相同光强度下，相对于Au，将最大稳态温升从56.2 K降低到20.9 K。布朗动力学模拟进一步显示了受限的、由手性定义的轨道运动，所有32条轨迹保持相同的循环方向。这些结果建立了一条对称性引导的途径，用于在纳米尺度实现持续的循环光学驱动。
英文摘要
Light-induced forces and torques offer a versatile strategy for remotely actuating microscopic objects, enabling breakthroughs including optical trapping and light-driven nanomachines. Extending such optical actuation to sustained cyclic motion, however, requires fundamentally distinct designs and, in particular, forces capable of delivering nonzero mechanical work over repeated cycles. Here, we demonstrate via simulations a nanoscale stator-rotor architecture, which achieves persistent orbital motion of a spherical rotor under circularly polarized plane-wave illumination. An off-center rotor displacement defines a stator-rotor structural polarity. Optical helicity coupled to this polarity generates a tangential force perpendicular to the instantaneous stator-rotor direction; as the rotor moves around the stator, the force direction rotates with it. Electrodynamic symmetry analysis identifies this response as arising from antisymmetric, nonconservative forces that produce nonzero closed-cycle work, whereas linear polarization yields symmetric, conservative responses with zero closed-cycle work. Material screening and Bayesian optimization identify an Ag-nanoshell design region, while Pareto analysis balances tangential actuation and radial confinement. A balanced candidate is predicted to lower the maximum steady-state temperature rise from 56.2 to 20.9 K relative to Au at the same light intensity. Brownian-dynamics simulations further show confined, helicity-defined orbital motion, with all 32 trajectories retaining the same circulation direction. These results establish a symmetry-guided route toward sustained cyclic optical actuation at the nanoscale.
Comments54 pages, 25 figures, and 3 tables, including Supporting Information. Shiye Du and Juanshu Wu contributed equally to this work
