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arXiv 1102.3444astro-ph.GA
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金属线吸收和冷气体排放的简单模型

Simple Models of Metal-Line Absorption and Emission from Cool Gas Outflows

J. Xavier Prochaska, Daniel Kasen, Kate Rubin

摘要:

我们分析了一组简单的,冷的气体风模型的银河系尺度外流观测的动机所产生的吸收和发射线配置文件。我们实施蒙特卡洛辐射转移技术,跟踪散射和荧光光子的传播,以生成1D光谱和2D光谱图像。我们专注于MgII 2796,28303双峰和FeII UV 1多重峰在~ 2600 A,但结果适用于其他过渡,跟踪流出(如NaI,Lya,SiII)。通过设计,共振跃迁显示蓝移吸收,但也预测在大致系统速度下的强共振和精细结构线发射。这种线发射“填充"吸收,使等效宽度减少高达50%,使吸收线质心移动数十km/s,并降低系统附近的有效不透明度。忽略这种线发射的冷气体流出分析可能会错误地推断气体被部分覆盖,测量明显较低的峰值光学深度,和/或得出不存在系统速度的气体的结论。由于FeII线是由光学薄过渡到精细结构水平连接的,因此它们的剖面更接近地再现了风的固有不透明度。这些结果很自然地解释了在z<1的恒星形成星系中观察到的吸收和发射线特征。我们还研究了一个描述z~ 3Lyman break星系外流的方案,发现了与观测结果不一致的散射光子辐射。虽然线发射使吸收线剖面的分析复杂化,但表面亮度剖面提供了评估银河尺度风的形态和大小的独特手段。此外,运动学和线比提供了强大的诊断流出,激励深,空间扩展的光谱观测。

英文摘要:

We analyze the absorption and emission-line profiles produced by a set of simple, cool gas wind models motivated by galactic-scale outflow observations. We implement monte carlo radiative transfer techniques that track the propagation of scattered and fluorescent photons to generate 1D spectra and 2D spectral images. We focus on the MgII 2796,28303 doublet and FeII UV1 multiplet at ~2600A, but the results are applicable to other transitions that trace outflows (e.g. NaI, Lya, SiII). By design, the resonance transitions show blue-shifted absorption but one also predicts strong resonance and fine-structure line-emission at roughly the systemic velocity. This line-emission `fills-in' the absorption reducing the equivalent width by up to 50%, shift the absorption-lin centroid by tens of km/s, and reduce the effective opacity near systemic. Analysis of cool gas outflows that ignores this line-emission may incorrectly infer that the gas is partially covered, measure asignificantly lower peak optical depth, and/or conclude that gas at systemic velocity is absent. Because the FeII lines are connected by optically-thin transitions to fine-structure levels, their profiles more closely reproduce the intrinsic opacity of the wind. Together these results naturally explain the absorption and emission-line characteristics observed for star-forming galaxies at z<1. We also study a scenario promoted to describe the outflows of z~3 Lyman break galaxies and find prfiles inconsistent with the observations due to scattered photon emission. Although line-emission complicates the analysis of absorption-line profiles, the surface brightness profiles offer a unique means of assessing the morphology and size of galactic-scale winds. Furthermore, the kinematics and line-ratios offer powerful diagnostics of outflows, motivating deep, spatially-extended spectroscopic observations.

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