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arXiv 1607.04279astro-ph.GA
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爆发性恒星形成反馈和冷却外流

Bursty star formation feedback and cooling outflows

Teresita Suarez, Andrew Pontzen, Hiranya V. Peiris, Adrianne Slyz, Julien Devriendt

摘要:

我们研究了如何从一个中央星系发射的气体外流经历重复的星爆传播通过环星系介质(CGM),使用模拟代码RAMSES。我们假设,从磁盘流出可以模拟为一个快速移动的热气体气泡在$\mathrm{\sim1\;kpc}$盘上方,然后问会发生什么,因为它进一步移动到星系周围的光环上的$\mathrm{\sim 100\;kpc}$尺度。为此,我们运行了60个二维模拟,扫描流出的参数。每一个都是重复的,有和没有辐射冷却,假设一个原始的气体成分,以给出一个下限的冷却的重要性。在大部分的辐射冷却情况下,我们能够从流的原位冷却中形成快速流出的冷气体。我们表明,冷气体形成的量强烈依赖于能量注入的“突发性”,更尖锐,更强的突发通常会导致更大比例的冷气体形成的流出。因此,CGM中离子的丰度比可能会根据恒星形成的详细历史模式而变化。例如,恒星形成时产生的短而强烈的爆发所产生的流出物在温度为$<5 \times 10^4\,\mathrm{K}$时含有高达60%的气体质量;对于接近连续的恒星形成,这个数字是$\lesssim$ 5%。金属冷却、磁场和/或热传导将有助于理解突发流出对观测到的离子丰度的精确特征。

英文摘要:

We study how outflows of gas launched from a central galaxy undergoing repeated starbursts propagate through the circumgalactic medium (CGM), using the simulation code RAMSES. We assume that the outflow from the disk can be modelled as a rapidly moving bubble of hot gas at $\mathrm{\sim1\;kpc}$ above disk, then ask what happens as it moves out further into the halo around the galaxy on $\mathrm{\sim 100\;kpc}$ scales. To do this we run 60 two-dimensional simulations scanning over parameters of the outflow. Each of these is repeated with and without radiative cooling, assuming a primordial gas composition to give a lower bound on the importance of cooling. In a large fraction of radiative-cooling cases we are able to form rapidly outflowing cool gas from in situ cooling of the flow. We show that the amount of cool gas formed depends strongly on the 'burstiness' of energy injection; sharper, stronger bursts typically lead to a larger fraction of cool gas forming in the outflow. The abundance ratio of ions in the CGM may therefore change in response to the detailed historical pattern of star formation. For instance, outflows generated by star formation with short, intense bursts contain up to 60 per cent of their gas mass at temperatures $<5 \times 10^4\,\mathrm{K}$; for near-continuous star formation the figure is $\lesssim$ 5 per cent. Further study of cosmological simulations, and of idealised simulations with e.g., metal-cooling, magnetic fields and/or thermal conduction, will help to understand the precise signature of bursty outflows on observed ion abundances.

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