解析极端发射线星系中的化学富集：基于多元素贝叶斯视角的爆发性恒星形成与星系演化的多元素视角
Unraveling Chemical Enrichment in Extreme Emission-Line Galaxies: A Multi-Element Bayesian View of Bursty Star Formation and Galaxy Evolution in DESI
AI总结：
研究通过多元素贝叶斯模型分析极端发射线星系的化学演化，揭示了爆发性恒星形成和星系演化中的气体循环过程，重点探讨了金属丰度与恒星形成效率的关系。
摘要：
极端发射线星系（EELGs）探测低质量、爆发性系统的化学富集，其中恒星形成、反馈和气体吸积过程尚不明确。利用DESI DR1数据，我们选取了23个邻近的EELGs，检测到19种离子物种（信噪比≥4），恒星质量M*≥10^7 M_sun，以及极端的Hα和[O III] 5007等效宽度（EW≥500埃）。我们推断了非参数化的恒星形成历史，并拟合了一个贝叶斯单区化学演化模型，用于O、N、Ne、S和Ar，允许时间依赖的恒星形成效率、出流质量加载和演化的吸积金属licity。我们发现短的耗尽时间尺度和大的质量加载因子，表明在爆发驱动的非平衡状态下存在快速的气体循环，耗尽时间低于Kennicutt-Schmidt预期。恒星形成效率和出流被良好约束，而吸积金属licity由于与金属生产之间的退化而较弱。丰度比隔离了物理驱动因素：恒星形成效率决定了演化轨迹，出流调节金属保留和X/O归一化，而吸积金属licity设定了基线富集。N/O强烈约束了爆发时间和气体流动，Ne/O几乎不变，而S/O和Ar/O显示出中间敏感性。这些结果表明，多元素丰度为极端低质量星爆中的重子循环过程提供了直接探测。
英文摘要：
Extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) probe chemical enrichment in low-mass, bursty systems where star formation, feedback, and gas accretion are poorly constrained. Using DESI DR1, we select 23 nearby EELGs with detections of 19 ionic species (S/N $\geq$ 4), stellar masses $ M_* \geq 10^7 M_{\odot}$, and extreme H$α$ and [O III] 5007 equivalent widths (EW $\geq$ 500 Angstrom). We infer non-parametric star-formation histories and fit a Bayesian single-zone chemical-evolution model to O, N, Ne, S, and Ar, allowing time-dependent star-formation efficiency, outflow mass loading, and evolving inflow metallicity. We find short depletion timescales and large mass-loading factors, indicating rapid gas cycling in a burst-driven, non-equilibrium regime, with depletion times below Kennicutt-Schmidt expectations. Star-formation efficiency and outflows are well constrained, while inflow metallicity is weaker due to degeneracies with metal production. Abundance ratios isolate physical drivers: star-formation efficiency sets evolutionary tracks, outflows regulate metal retention and X/O normalization, and inflow metallicity sets baseline enrichment. N/O strongly constrains burst timing and gas flows, Ne/O remains nearly invariant, and S/O and Ar/O show intermediate sensitivity. These results demonstrate that multi-element abundances provide a direct probe of baryon-cycle processes in extreme low-mass starbursts.
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