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arXiv 1102.1308astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COphysics.plasm-ph
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色散和热效应对相对论激波前兆电磁不稳定性的影响

Dispersion and thermal effects on electromagnetic instabilities in the precursor of relativistic shocks

Martin Lemoine, Guy Pelletier

摘要:

费米加速可以有效地发展在相对论性无碰撞冲击波提供上游(未受冲击)等离子体是弱磁化。在低磁化下,冲击前兆的大尺寸确实为电磁微不稳定性的增长提供了足够的时间,并且这种微不稳定性产生小尺度湍流,这又提供了所需的散射。本论文扩展了我们以前的分析,这些微观不稳定性的发展,占有限的角度分散束的反射和加速粒子,并占预期的加热的上游电子在冲击前兆。我们发现,只要上游等离子体的电子保持冷态,斜向双流不稳定性可以在激波洛伦兹因子gamma_{sh} ~10的范围内工作,而在此范围内,偏转不稳定性被强烈抑制;然而,当电子被加热到相对论温度时,情况变得相反,双流不稳定性被抑制,而双折射模式变得有效,即使在冲击洛伦兹因子的中等值下。这些不稳定性的峰值波长从惯性电子尺度向质子惯性尺度迁移,因为背景电子在冲击前兆的交叉过程中逐渐被加热。我们还讨论了冲击上游电流驱动的不稳定性的作用。特别是,我们表明,返回/加速粒子通过其在背景磁场中的旋转产生横向电流。我们发现,在背景等离子体中的补偿电流可以导致布尼曼不稳定性,提供了一个有效的电子加热源。[摘要]

英文摘要:

Fermi acceleration can develop efficiently at relativistic collisionless shock waves provided the upstream (unshocked) plasma is weakly magnetized. At low magnetization, the large size of the shock precursor indeed provides enough time for electromagnetic micro-instabilities to grow and such micro-instabilities generate small scale turbulence that in turn provides the scattering required. The present paper extends our previous analysis on the development of these micro-instabilities to account for the finite angular dispersion of the beam of reflected and accelerated particles and to account for the expected heating of the upstream electrons in the shock precursor. We show that the oblique two stream instability may operate down to values of the shock Lorentz factor gamma_{sh}~10 as long as the electrons of the upstream plasma remain cold, while the filamentation instability is strongly inhibited in this limit; however, as electrons get heated to relativistic temperatures, the situation becomes opposite and the two stream instability becomes inhibited while the filamentation mode becomes efficient, even at moderate values of the shock Lorentz factor. The peak wavelength of these instabilities migrates from the inertial electron scale towards the proton inertial scale as the background electrons get progressively heated during the crossing of the shock precursor. We also discuss the role of current driven instabilities upstream of the shock. In particular, we show that the returning/accelerated particles give rise to a transverse current through their rotation in the background magnetic field. We find that the compensating current in the background plasma can lead to a Buneman instability which provides an efficient source of electron heating. [Abridged]

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