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arXiv 0904.2657astro-ph.HEphysics.plasm-ph
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超相对论shock waves的电磁不稳定性

On electromagnetic instabilities at ultra-relativistic shock waves

Martin Lemoine, Guy Pelletier

摘要:

本文讨论了相对论激波前兆通过微观不稳定性产生磁场的问题。上游等离子体的磁化水平是一个关键参数,特别是因为冲击前兆的长度尺度受到背景磁场中加速粒子的拉莫尔旋转和冲击波速度的限制。本文详细讨论和计算了由加速粒子和反射粒子布居所引起的下列束等离子体不稳定性的增长率:对于非磁化激波,韦伯不稳定性和折射不稳定性,以及切伦科夫共振纵模和斜模;对于磁化激波,具有纵向静电模的韦伯不稳定性和共振切伦科夫不稳定性,以及阿尔芬不稳定性,耳语和非凡模式。所有这些不稳定性都是在上游产生的,然后它们被传递到下游。由切伦科夫共振不稳定性激发的模式对于下游介质的磁化具有特别重要的意义,因为作为等离子体本征模式,它们具有比韦伯模式更长的寿命。我们讨论的主要限制波的增长与长度的前体和上游介质的磁化倾斜和平行的冲击波。我们还刻画了获得费米加速的适当条件。我们恢复了最近的粒子模拟的一些结果,并得出结论与天体物理的情况下,特别是脉冲星风和伽马射线暴外部冲击波的一些应用。(节录)

英文摘要:

(Abridged) This paper addresses the issue of magnetic field generation in a relativistic shock precursor through micro-instabilities. The level of magnetization of the upstream plasma turns out to be a crucial parameter, notably because the length scale of the shock precursor is limited by the Larmor rotation of the accelerated particles in the background magnetic field and by the speed of the shock wave. We discuss in detail and calculate the growth rates of the following beam plasma instabilities seeded by the accelerated and reflected particle populations: for an unmagnetized shock, the Weibel and filamentation instabilities, as well as the Cerenkov resonant longitudinal and oblique modes; for a magnetized shock, the Weibel instability and the resonant Cerenkov instabilities with the longitudinal electrostatic modes, as well as the Alfven, Whisler and extraordinary modes. All these instabilities are generated upstream, then they are transmitted downstream. The modes excited by Cerenkov resonant instabilities take on particular importance with respect to the magnetisation of the downstream medium since, being plasma eigenmodes, they have a longer lifetime than the Weibel modes. We discuss the main limitation of the wave growth associated with the length of the precursor and the magnetisation of the upstream medium for both oblique and parallel shock waves. We also characterize the proper conditions to obtain Fermi acceleration. We recover some results of most recent particle-in-cell simulations and conclude with some applications to astrophysical cases of interest, pulsar winds and gamma-ray burst external shock waves in particular. (Abridged)

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