高马赫数非相对论斜激波中的电子前震
The electron foreshock at high-Mach-number nonrelativistic oblique shocks
摘要：
在宇宙中，恒星和致密天体之外的物质主要由无碰撞等离子体组成。超音速等离子体流与障碍物的相互作用导致无碰撞激波，这种激波通常与强烈的非热辐射和宇宙射线粒子的产生有关。受超新星遗迹中非相对论高马赫数激波模拟的启发，我们研究了斜激波扩展前震中相对论电子束激发的不稳定性。在内部和外部前震区域的相空间分布推导出与粒子在细胞模拟的冲击，并作为初始条件的模拟与周期性的边界条件，以研究其松弛向平衡。我们发现，所观察到的电子束不稳定性同意非常好的线性色散分析的预测：静电电声不稳定性占主导地位的前震的外部区域，而更密集的电子束在内部前震驱动的陀螺共振的哨声不稳定性。
英文摘要：
In the Universe matter outside of stars and compact objects is mostly composed of collisionless plasma. The interaction of a supersonic plasma flow with an obstacle results in collisionless shocks that are often associated with intense nonthermal radiation and the production of cosmic ray particles. Motivated by simulations of non-relativistic high-Mach-number shocks in supernova remnants, we investigate the instabilities excited by relativistic electron beams in the extended foreshock of oblique shocks. The phase-space distributions in the inner and outer foreshock regions are derived with a Particle-in-Cell simulation of the shock and used as initial conditions for simulations with periodic boundary conditions to study their relaxation towards equilibrium. We find that the observed electron-beam instabilities agree very well with the predictions of a linear dispersion analysis: the electrostatic electron-acoustic instability dominates in the outer region of the foreshock, while the denser electron beams in the inner foreshock drive the gyroresonant oblique-whistler instability.
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