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arXiv 2006.03081astro-ph.HE
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相对论磁化激波的同步脉泽辐射:激波前温度的依赖性

The synchrotron maser emission from relativistic magnetized shocks: Dependence on the pre-shock temperature

Aliya-Nur Babul, Lorenzo Sironi

摘要:

同步脉泽不稳定性在相对论磁化冲击中产生的电磁前兆波最近被用来解释快速射电暴的相干射电辐射。通过二维粒子模拟,我们研究了相对论正负电子垂直激波中的前驱波的性质,它是激波前磁化强度$σ\gtrsim 1$的函数(即,入射坡印廷通量与粒子能通量的比率)和热扩散$Δγ\equiv kT/mc^2=10^{-5}-10^{-1}$。我们测量的分数$f_ξ$的总传入能量转换成前驱波,计算后冲击帧。在固定的磁化强度下,我们发现$f_ξ$几乎与温度无关,只要$Δγ\lesssim 10^{-1.5}$(从$Δγ=10^{-5}$到$Δγ=10^{-1.5}$只有适度的三分之一的减少),但对于$Δγ\gtrsim 10^{-1}$,它下降了近两个数量级。在固定温度下,磁化$f_ξ\sim 10^{-3}\,σ^{-1}$的标度与我们早期的一维结果是一致的。对于我们的参考$σ=1$,前驱波的功率谱在低温下相对较宽(分数宽度$\sim 1-3$),而对于$10^{-3} \lesssim Δγ\lesssim 10^{-1.5} $,它显示出分数宽度$\sim 0.2$的明显线状特征。对于$σ\gtrsim 1$,根据需要,前驱波在与激波法线(在激波后帧中测量)成$\simeq σ^{-1/2}$角的范围内发射,以便它们能够超过激波。我们的研究结果可以提供物理接地输入FRB发射模型的基础上脉泽发射相对论冲击。

英文摘要:

Electromagnetic precursor waves generated by the synchrotron maser instability at relativistic magnetized shocks have been recently invoked to explain the coherent radio emission of Fast Radio Bursts. By means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we explore the properties of the precursor waves in relativistic electron-positron perpendicular shocks as a function of the pre-shock magnetization $σ\gtrsim 1$ (i.e., the ratio of incoming Poynting flux to particle energy flux) and thermal spread $Δγ\equiv kT/mc^2=10^{-5}-10^{-1}$. We measure the fraction $f_ξ$ of total incoming energy that is converted into precursor waves, as computed in the post-shock frame. At fixed magnetization, we find that $f_ξ$ is nearly independent of temperature as long as $Δγ\lesssim 10^{-1.5}$ (with only a modest decrease of a factor of three from $Δγ=10^{-5}$ to $Δγ=10^{-1.5}$), but it drops by nearly two orders of magnitude for $Δγ\gtrsim 10^{-1}$. At fixed temperature, the scaling with magnetization $f_ξ\sim 10^{-3}\,σ^{-1}$ is consistent with our earlier one-dimensional results. For our reference $σ=1$, the power spectrum of precursor waves is relatively broad (fractional width $\sim 1-3$) for cold temperatures, whereas it shows pronounced line-like features with fractional width $\sim 0.2$ for $10^{-3} \lesssim Δγ\lesssim 10^{-1.5} $. For $σ\gtrsim 1$, the precursor waves are beamed within an angle $\simeq σ^{-1/2}$ from the shock normal (as measured in the post-shock frame), as required so they can outrun the shock. Our results can provide physically-grounded inputs for FRB emission models based on maser emission from relativistic shocks.

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