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arXiv 1901.01700astro-ph.HEphysics.plasm-ph
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弱磁化相对论性等离子体中的脉泽和其它不稳定性:脉泽的理论和天体物理相关性

Maser and other instabilities in a weakly magnetized relativistic plasma: Theory and the astrophysical relevance of the maser

Andrei Gruzinov, Eli Waxman

摘要:

给出了具有各向同性粒子分布函数的弱磁化相对论等离子体中脉泽不稳定性的一个充分条件。从磁化等离子体的精确介电常数张量出发,计算了脉泽的生长速率和极化。对于非常弱的磁场,我们的结果证实了近似有效性的“标准脉泽理论”,这是基于爱因斯坦系数的方法,有一个显着的例外。对于倾斜传播和现实(小但有限)的领域,两个(近圆)极化的增长率显着不同,而标准理论预测两个(近圆)极化具有相似的增长率。我们表明,这种偏差是由于圆偏振同步辐射,这是忽略了标准理论。脉泽的增长速度比朗缪尔波慢。然而,在(高度简化的)直接数值模拟中可以看到EM波的显著产生。我们研究了脉泽不稳定性的非线性饱和,发现它提供了一个机制,等离子体能量的显着部分转换为无线电波。我们简要地讨论了条件下,微波激射不稳定性可能在天体物理源,并提供粗略的估计,可作为指导时,研究特定的天体物理源/现象。

英文摘要:

A sufficient condition for maser instability in a weakly magnetized relativistic plasma with an isotropic particle distribution function is given. The maser growth rates and polarizations are computed starting from the exact dielectric permittivity tensor of a magnetized plasma. For very weak magnetic fields, our results confirm the approximate validity of the 'standard maser theory', which is based on the Einstein coefficients method, with one significant exception. For inclined propagation and realistic (small but finite) field, the growth rates of the two (nearly circular) polarizations differ significantly, while the standard theory predicts two (nearly circular) polarizations with similar growth rates. We show that this deviation is due to circularly polarized synchrotron emission, which is neglected in the standard theory. The maser is shown to grow slower than Langmuir waves. Nevertheless, significant generation of EM waves is seen in (highly simplified) direct numerical simulations. We study the nonlinear saturation of the maser instability and find that it offers a mechanism for the conversion of a significant fraction of the plasma energy into radio waves. We briefly discuss the conditions under which the maser instability may operate in astrophysical sources, and provide rough estimates that may be used as a guidance when studying particular astrophysical sources/phenomena.

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