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arXiv 1101.2298quant-phmath-phmath.MP
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一维晶格中的无序量子行走

Disordered Quantum Walks in one lattice dimension

Andre Ahlbrecht, Volkher B. Scholz, Albert H. Werner

摘要:

研究了自旋为1/2的粒子在一维晶格上运动时受到随机的、空间依赖的量子硬币诱导的无序。离散时间演化由一族随机幺正量子行走算符给出,其中移位操作被假定为确定性的。每个硬币是一个独立的同分布的随机变量,其值在二维酉矩阵组中。我们推导出硬币的概率分布的充分条件,使系统表现出动态本地化。换句话说,对于几乎所有随机硬币的选择,两个晶格位置之间的隧穿概率都随着距离的增加而迅速衰减,并且经过任意多个时间步长。我们的研究结果意味着,如果硬币是从Haar测度中随机选择的,或者相对于它连续的某个测度,而且对于一类支持由两个硬币组成的离散概率测度,这种效应也会发生,其中一个硬币是Hadamard硬币。

英文摘要:

We study a spin-1/2-particle moving on a one dimensional lattice subject to disorder induced by a random, space-dependent quantum coin. The discrete time evolution is given by a family of random unitary quantum walk operators, where the shift operation is assumed to be deterministic. Each coin is an independent identically distributed random variable with values in the group of two dimensional unitary matrices. We derive sufficient conditions on the probability distribution of the coins such that the system exhibits dynamical localization. Put differently, the tunneling probability between two lattice sites decays rapidly for almost all choices of random coins and after arbitrary many time steps with increasing distance. Our findings imply that this effect takes place if the coin is chosen at random from the Haar measure, or some measure continuous with respect to it, but also for a class of discrete probability measures which support consists of two coins, one of them being the Hadamard coin.

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