L. Benussi, S. Bianco, S. Colafranceschi, F. L. Fabbri, M. Giardoni, L. Passamonti, D. Piccolo, D. Pierluigi, A. Russo, G. Saviano, S. Buontempo, A. Cimmino, M. de Gruttola, F Fabozzi, A. O. M. Iorio, L. Lista, P. Paolucci, P. Baesso, G. Belli, D. Pagano, S. P. Ratti, A. Vicini, P. Vitulo, C. Viviani, A. Sharma, A. K. Bhattacharyya
The response of RPC detectors is highly sensitive to environmental variables. A novel approach is presented to model the response of RPC detectors in a variety of experimental conditions. The algorithm, based on Artificial Neural Networks, has been developed and tested on the CMS RPC gas gain monitoring system during commissioning.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is planning to build a magnetized iron calorimeter detector (ICAL) in which Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) will be the active detector elements. A study of the performance of RPCs, made using electrodes of various thicknesses, is pivotal in optimizing the design parameters of the ICAL RPCs. We fabricated RPCs with glasses of various thicknesses and studied their performance in the same environmental conditions. A study of detector efficiency, noise rate, time resolution and charge distribution is presented in this paper.
The reduction of the average charge per count in the gas along with the capability to discriminate very small signals from noise can allow an efficient and long-term Resistive Plate Chamber detector operation in high radiation background environment. This goal has been reached during the R&D program of the BIS78 upgrade project of the ATLAS detector at LHC through the deep integration of a fast (100 ps peaking time) and sensitive (as small as 100 `V threshold) Front- End electronics (FE) with a very large size detector structure. This innovative RPC integration concept pivots on a newly concei…
In the framework of the High Luminosity LHC upgrade program, the CMS muon group built several different RPC prototypes that are now under test at the new CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). A dedicated Detector Control System has been developed using the WinCC-OA tool to control and monitor these prototype detectors and to store the measured parameters data. Preliminary efficiency studies that set the base performance measurements of CMS RPC for starting aging studies are also presented.
The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are going to be used as the active detectors in the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)-Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) experiment for the detection and study of atmospheric neutrinos. In this paper, an extensive study of structural and electrical properties for different kind of bakelite RPC electrodes is presented. RPCs fabricated from these electrodes are tested for their detector efficiency and noise rate. The study concludes with the variation of efficiency, leakage current and counting rate over the period of operation with different gas compositions and op…
The proposed magnetised Iron CALorimeter detector (ICAL) to be built in the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) laboratory aims to detect atmospheric muon neutrinos. In order to achieve improved physics results, the constituent components of the detector must be fully understood by proper characterisation and optimisation of various parameters. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are the active detector elements in the ICAL detector and can be made of glass or bakelite. The number of RPCs required for this detector are very large so a detailed study is necessary to establish the characterisatio…
The muon spectrometer of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is equipped with a redundant system made of Resistive Plate Chambers and Drift Tube in barrel and RPC and Cathode Strip Chamber in endcap region. In this paper, the operations and performance of the RPC system during the first three years of LHC activity will be reported. The stability of RPC performance, such as efficiency, cluster size and noise, will be reported. Finally, the radiation background levels on the RPC system have been measured as a function of the LHC luminosity. Extrapolation…
India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a planned neutrino experiment to be build up in southern part of India.The INO observatory will host a 51 kton Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector to detect atmospheric neutrinos. Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) has been chosen as the active detector element for the ICAL experiment. The ICAL experiment will consist of about 28,000 RPC's of dimension $2~m\times 2~m$, divided into three modules. The experiment is planned to take data at least for 20 years from its start date. Due to the large number of RPC needed for ICAL experiment and the long lifetime of t…
The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) collaboration has chosen glass Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the active detector elements for the Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) experiment. In the present work, we study the electrical properties such as bulk resistivity and relative permittivity of the glasses from two different manufacturers and compared the performances of RPCs built using these glasses. We conclude that the glass electrodes with larger bulk resistivy and permittivity are better suited for manufacturing RPCs for the ICAL experiment, as these detectors could be operated at lower bias…
Operation and performance of the Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) mostly depend on the quality and characteristics of the electrode materials. The India-based Neutrino Observatory collaboration has chosen glass RPCs as the active detector elements for its Iron Calorimeter detector and is going to deploy RPCs in an unprecedented scale. Therefore, it is imperative that we study the electrode material aspects in detail. We report here, systematic characterization studies on the glasses from two manufacturers. RPC detectors were built using these glasses and performances of the same were compared w…
The operations of Resistive Plate Chambers in LHC experiments require F-based gases for optimal performance. Recent regulations demand the use of environmentally unfriendly F-based gases to be limited or banned. This report shows results of studies on performance of RPCs operated with a potential eco-friendly gas candidate 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene, commercially known as HFO-1234ze.
The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) employs a trigger system consisting of a first-level hardware trigger (L1) and a software-based high-level trigger. The L1 muon trigger system selects muon candidates, assigns them to the correct LHC bunch crossing and classifies them into one of six transverse-momentum threshold classes. The L1 muon trigger system uses resistive-plate chambers (RPCs) to generate the muon-induced trigger signals in the central (barrel) region of the ATLAS detector. The ATLAS RPCs are arranged in six concentric layers and operate in a toroidal magnetic fie…
The CMS experiment, located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in CERN, has a redundant muon system composed by three different gaseous detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (in the forward regions), Drift Tubes (in the central region), and Resistive Plate Chambers (both its central and forward regions). All three are used for muon reconstruction and triggering. The CMS RPC system confers robustness and redundancy to the muon trigger. The RPC system operation in the challenging background and pileup conditions of the LHC environment is presented. The RPC system provides information to …
Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is a gaseous detector, known for its good spatial resolution and excellent time resolution. Due to its fast response and excellent time resolution, it is used for both triggering and timing purpose. But the time resolution of RPC is dependent on the detector geometry, applied voltage and the gas mixture used for detector operation. In this work, we have tried to develop a numerical model to estimate the time resolution of the detector. The model is developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, a commercially available finite element method solver. Using the primary ionizat…
A detailed numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the timing properties of a standard RPC geometry in order to optimize its application in INO-ICAL experiment designed for studying atmospheric neutrinos. The timing information provided by the RPC is an important observable in the experiment to determine the direction of the neutrinos. Effects of various operating conditions and design components on the RPC timing response, mainly the average signal arrival time and the time resolution have been studied in this context. The dependence of the detector efficiency on the same param…
The gas detector glass resistivity parallel chamber (GRPC) is proposed to use in the Hadron calorimeter (HCAL), the read-out system is based on the semi-digital system, then the charge information from GRPC is needed. To better understand the charge comes out from GRPC, we started from cosmic ray test to get the charge distribution and then study the induced charge distribution on the collection pad, after successfully compared with the prototype beam test data at CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research), the process was finally implanted into the Geant4 based simulation for future study.
Improving Time and Position Resolution of RPC detectors using Time Over Threshold Information
该研究利用时间过阈值信息改进INO-ICAL实验中RPC探测器的时间和位置分辨率，以提升中微子动量和方向性测量精度。
The India based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a mega science project of India, which is going to use near about 30, 000 Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) as active detector elements for the study of atmospheric neutrino oscillations. Each RPC detector will consist of two orthogonally placed readout strips panel for picking the signals generated in the gas chamber. The area of RPC detector in INO-ICAL (Iron Calorimeter) experiment will be 2m x 2m, therefore the dimension of readout strips panel will also be of 2m x 2m. To get undistorted signals pass through the readout strips panel to frontend el…
The CMS RPC muon detector utilizes a gas recirculation system called closed loop (CL) to cope with large gas mixture volumes and costs. A systematic study of CL gas purifiers has been carried out over 400 days between July 2008 and August 2009 at CERN in a low-radiation test area, with the use of RPC chambers with currents monitoring, and gas analysis sampling points. The study aimed to fully clarify the presence of pollutants, the chemistry of purifiers used in the CL, and the regeneration procedure. Preliminary results on contaminants release and purifier characterization are reported.
Characterisation of a new RPC prototype using conventional gas mixture
针对 bakelite RPC 计数率能力受限的问题，本文提出一种新的亚麻籽油涂覆方法，并在常规气体混合物下验证其效率表现。
A Monte Carlo simulation-based optimization of a multilayer 10B-RPC thermal neutron detector is performed targeting an increase in the counting rate capability while maintaining high (>50%) detection efficiency for thermal neutrons. The converter layer thicknesses of individual RPCs are optimized for several configurations of a detector containing a stack of 10 double gap RPCs. The results suggest that it is possible to reach a counting rate which is by a factor of eight higher in comparison to the rate of a detector with only one double-gap RPC. The effect of neutron scattering inside the det…
A novel concept for position-sensitive thermal neutron detectors based on thin-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) lined with a neutron converter layer is presented and its feasibility is discussed. Several detector architectures implementing a stack of RPCs in multilayer and inclined geometries are introduced. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation study are presented demonstrating the effect of the main detector design parameters on the expected detection efficiency and spatial resolution.
The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are low-cost charged-particle detectors with good timing resolution and potentially good spatial resolution. Using RPC as gamma detector provides an opportunity for application in positron emission tomography (PET). In this work, we use GEANT4 simulation package to study various methods improving the detection efficiency of a realistic RPC-based PET model for 511keV photons, by adding more detection units, changing the thickness of each layer, choosing different converters and using multi-gaps RPC (MRPC) technique. Proper balance among these factors are discu…
Resistive Plate Counters (RPC) detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments use gas recirculation systems to cope with large gas mixture volumes and costs. In this paper a long-term systematic study about gas purifiers, gas contaminants and detector performance is discussed. The study aims at measuring the lifetime of purifiers with unused and used cartridge material along with contaminants release in the gas system. During the data-taking the response of several RPC double-gap detectors was monitored in order to characterize the correlation between dark currents, filter status and…
The Gas Gain Monitoring (GGM) system of the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) muon detector in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment provides fast and accurate determination of the stability in the working point conditions due to gas mixture changes in the closed loop recirculation system. In 2011 the GGM began to operate using a feedback algorithm to control the applied voltage, in order to keep the GGM response insensitive to environmental temperature and atmospheric pressure variations. Recent results are presented on the feedback method used and on alternative algorithms.
Machine Learning-Based Cluster Classification to Suppress Background in a Prototype RPC Detector
本文提出利用机器学习方法，通过十五个簇级描述符区分RPC探测器中的信号与背景，提升跟踪重建效率。
The first Resistive Plate Chambers detectors were developed for cosmic ray experiments, where low rate capability, good time resolution and low cost per unit of area were needed. These same features, except for the low rate capability, were required in the muon spectrometers of the collider experiments like LHC. For this purpose newRPCdetectors with increased rate capability were developed. The rate capability improvement has been achieved thanks to the transition from streamer to saturated avalanche regime, in which the average charge produced in the gas dicharge is smaller. The price to pay …
The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are employed in the CMS experiment at the LHC as dedicated trigger system both in the barrel and in the endcap. This note presents results of the RPC detector uniformity and stability during the 2011 data taking period, and preliminary results obtained with 2012 data. The detector uniformity has been ensured with a dedicated High Voltage scan with LHC collisions, in order to determine the optimal operating working voltage of each individual RPC chamber installed in CMS. Emphasis is given on the procedures and results of the High Voltage calibration. Moreover…
The HL-LHC phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of data to be collected by the LHC experiments. To achieve this goal in a reasonable time scale the instantaneous luminosity would also increase by an order of magnitude up to $6 \cdot 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The region of the forward muon spectrometer ($|η| > 1.6$) is not equipped with RPC stations. The increase of the expected particles rate up to 2 kHz/cm$^2$ ( including a safety factor 3 ) motivates the installation of RPC chambers to guarantee redundancy with the CSC chambers already present. The actual RPC t…
Design and Development of Portable RPC-Based Cosmic Muon Tracker
本文介绍了基于RPC技术的便携式宇宙μ子探测器的设计与开发，用于小规模粒子实验和学生培训。
The innermost station of the present ATLAS forward muon detector needs to be upgraded for the super-LHC. We present a proposal to replace it with a sandwiched detector composed of several layers of small-radius Monitored Drift Tube chambers (sMDT) for precision tracking measurement and two stations of multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (mRPC) for triggering purpose. We describe the layout of the upgraded detector and the trigger strategy. Several modifications to the RPCs used in the ATLAS barrel region are needed to satisfy the super-LHC requirements. Various studies with the proposed mRPC ti…
Resistive Plate Chambers have a very important role for muon triggering both in the barrel and in the endcap regions of the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In order to optimize their performance, it is of primary importance to tune the electronic threshold of the front-end boards reading the signals from these detectors. In this paper we present the results of a study aimed to evaluate the effects on the RPC efficiency, cluster size and detector intrinsic noise rate, of variations of the electronics threshold voltage.
Resistive Plate Counters (RPC) detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments use gas recirculation systems to cope with large gas mixture volumes and costs. In this paper a long-term systematic study about gas purifiers, gas contaminants and detector performance is discussed. The study aims at measuring the lifetime of purifiers with new and used cartridge material along with contaminants release in the gas system. During the data-taking the response of several RPC double-gap detectors was monitored in order to characterize the correlation between dark currents, filter status and ga…
Performance study of a bakelite RPC prototype built by new technique of linseed oil coating
针对胶木RPC的表面粗糙度引发微放电、性能劣化的问题，提出亚麻籽油涂覆新方法，测试了其在R134a混合气及高剂量率伽马环境下的性能与辐射硬度。
Resistive gaseous detectors can be broadly defined as those operated in conditions where virtually no field lines exist that connect any two metallic electrodes sitting at different potential. This condition can be operationally recognized as 'no gas gap being delimited by two metallic electrodes'. Since early 70's, Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are the most successful implementation of this idea, that leads to fully spark-protected gaseous detectors, with solid state-like reliability at working fields beyond 100kV/cm, yet enjoying the general characteristics of gaseous detectors in terms of…
This paper has the purpose to study the rate capability of the Resistive Plate Chamber, RPC, starting from the basic physics of this detector. The effect of different working parameters determining the rate capability is analysed in detail, in order to optimize a new family of RPCs for applications to heavy irradiation environments and in particular to the LHC phase 2. A special emphasis is given to the improvement achievable by minimizing the avalanche charge delivered in the gas. The paper shows experimental results of Cosmic Ray tests, performed to study the avalanche features for different…
The 50 \,kton\, INO-ICAL is a proposed underground high energy physics experiment at Theni, India ($9^{\circ}57'N$, $77^{\circ}16'E$) to study the neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) has been chosen as the active detector element for the ICAL detector. An experimental setup consisting of 12 layers of glass RPCs of size 2\,m\,$\times$\,2\,m has been built at IICHEP, Madurai to study the long term stability and performance of RPCs which are produced on a large scale in Indian industry. In this paper, the studies on the performance of RPC…
Resistive plate chambers (RPC) lined with $^{10}B_{4}$C neutron converters is a promising cost effective technology for position-sensitive thermal neutron detection capable to outperform $^{3}$He-based detectors in terms of spatial resolution and timing. However, as for the other types of gaseous detectors with a single layer of $^{10}B_{4}$C at normal beam incidence, the detection efficiency to thermal neutrons of a single-gap $^{10}B$-RPC is only about 6%. Aiming to overcome this limitation, we introduce a multi-layer $^{10}B$-RPCs detector with a stack of ten double-gap hybrid RPCs. A descr…
Nowadays RPCs are in a booming phase: they are successfully used in many experiments, including LHC; there are ambitious plans to use them in several upgrade detectors and in some new experiments as well as in various applications. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main challenges which the RPC community may face in the next few years and which were addressed in talks presented at this conference. Examples could be: new and difficult requirements from experiments (and their upgrades) and applications, optimization and improvements of the existing traditional detector designs, improveme…
India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a multi-institutional facility, planned to be built up in South India. The INO facility will host a 51 kton magnetized Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector to study atmospheric muon neutrinos. Iron plates have been chosen as the target material whereas Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) have been chosen as the active detector element for the ICAL experiment. Due to the large number of RPCs needed ($\sim$ 28,000 of $2~m \times 2~m$ in size) for ICAL experiment and for the long lifetime of the experiment, it is necessary to perform a detailed $R\&D$ such that e…
The results of an experimental feasibility study of a position sensitive thermal neutron detector based on a resistive plate chamber (RPC) are presented. The detector prototype features a thin-gap (0.35 mm) hybrid RPC with an aluminium cathode lined with a 2 $μ$m thick $^{10}B{_4}C$ neutron converter layer enriched in $^{10}B$ and a float glass anode. A detection efficiency of ${\approx}$ 6.2 ${\%}$ was measured for the neutron beam ($λ$ =2.5 $Å$) at normal incidence. A spatial resolution better than 0.5 mm FWHM was demonstrated.
Progress in Developing Hybrid RPCs: GEM-like Detectors with Resistive Electrodes
我们最近开发了一种创新的光子和带电粒子探测器：一种类似GEM的气体放大结构，具有电阻电极，而不是常用的金属电极。这种新型探测器结合了GEM的最佳性能-在级联模式和淬火不良气体中工作的能力-以及RPC的最佳性能-防止火花。本文将简要回顾我们在这一方向上的最新成就，但主要重点将放在一种新的先进设计上，这种设计允许通过丝网印刷技术制造大面积探测器。建议的检测器，根据应用，可以操作在GEM模式（电子倍增通过孔只）或作为一个混合RPC与同时放大的漂移区和孔。这种新的探测器的可能的应用进行了讨论。
India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) facility is going to have a 50 kton magnetized Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector for precision measurements of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos. The proposed ICAL detector will be a stack of magnetized iron plates (acting as target material) interleaved with glass Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the active detector elements. An RPC is a gaseous detector made up of two parallel electrode plates having high bulk resistivity like that of float glass and bakelite. For the ICAL detector, glass is preferred over bakelite as it does not need a…
Triplet assembly and certification of the new generation of RPC for the ATLAS phase-2 upgrade at Max Planck Institute
针对ATLAS phase-2升级开发了由三个1毫米气间隙组成的新一代RPC三联件，慕尼黑MPI通过建立宇宙射线测试站进行组装与认证，以确保探测器质量控制与性能表征。
The CMS Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) system has been certified for 10 years of LHC operation. In the next years, during the High luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase, the LHC instantaneous luminosity will increase to a factor five more than the existing LHC luminosity. This will subject the present CMS RPC system to background rates and operating conditions much higher with respect to those for which the detectors have been designed. Those conditions could affect the detector properties and introduce nonrecoverable aging effects. A dedicated longevity test is set up in the CERN Gamma Irradiation Fac…
Multilayer position-sensitive 10B-RPC thermal neutron detectors offer an attractive combination of sub-millimeter spatial resolution and high (>50%) detection efficiency. Here we describe a new position reconstruction method based on a statistical approach. Using experimental data, we compare the performance of this method with that of the centroid reconstruction. Both methods result in a similar image linearity/uniformity and spatial resolution. However, the statistical method allows to improve the image quality at the detector periphery, offers more flexible event filtering and allows to dev…
The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is widely used in experiments of high energy physics as trigger detector as its good time resolution and high efficiency. In the traditional layout of RPC, the graphite layers are indispensable parts. The working voltage is applied on these layers and the charge of avalanche dissipates through them. In this paper, a new design which removes the graphate layers is proposed to improve the structure of this detector. With this new design, the negative effect from the ununiformity of graphite is eliminated and the structure of detector is simplified.
CMS experiment constructed the fourth Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) trigger station composed of 144 RPCs to enhance the high momentum muon trigger efficiency at both endcap regions. All new CMS endcap RPC gaps are produced in accordance with QA and QC at the Korea Detector Laboratory (KODEL) in Korea. All qualified gaps have been delivered to three assembly sites: CERN in Switzerland, BARC in India, and Ghent University in Belgium for the RPC detector assembly. In this paper, we present the detailed procedures used in the production of RPC gaps adopted for the CMS upgrade.
Performance testing of gas-tight portable RPC for muography applications
本文面向缪子成像现场应用，研发了便携式气密玻璃基RPC及多通道DAQ系统，通过噪声滤波提升缪子探测精度，并以缪子吸收测量验证了探测器的应用性能。
Gas Analysis and Monitoring Systems for the RPC Detector of CMS at LHC
在大型强子对撞机质子对撞机（欧洲核子研究中心，瑞士）的CMS实验的电阻板室（RPC）探测器将采用在线气体分析和监测系统的氟利昂基气体混合物。我们给出了CMS RPC气体系统的概述，描述了项目参数和气相色谱分析的初步结果。最后，我们报告了一组监控RPC的初步结果。
A muon telescope equipped with four Resistive Plate Chambers of 2 m$^{2}$ per plane was tested with the muon scattering tomography technique. The telescope was operated during several hours with high atomic number materials located at its center with two detector planes on each side. With an intrinsic efficiency above 98%, spatial resolution around 1 cm and detector planes spaced by 45 cm, it was possible to identify the presence of a 5 cm thick tungsten block in 10 minutes of acquisition. The results obtained after five hours of acquisition are also presented in this communication.
Large Resistive Plate Chamber systems have their roots in High Energy Physics experiments at the European Organization for Nuclear Research: ATLAS, CMS and ALICE, where hundreds of square meters of both trigger and timing RPCs have been deployed. These devices operate with complex gas systems, equipped with re-circulation and purification units, which require a fresh gas supply of the order of 6 cm$^{3}$/min/m$^{2}$, creating logistical, technical and financial problems. In this communication, we present a new concept in the construction of RPCs which allowed us to operate a detector at ultra-…
Digital Hadron Calorimetry with Glass RPC Active Detectors
玻璃RPC探测器是ILC高颗粒度数字强子量能器（DHCAL）的一个有吸引力的候选者。在这项工作中的数值研究，基于GEANT3模拟包，这样的量热计的性能。RPC响应的简化模型，调整真实数据，在模拟中实现。模拟的可靠性证明了现有的数据收集与大体积量热计原型暴露在能量范围从2 GeV到10 GeV的π介子束进行比较。从优化读出间距的角度出发，详细研究了不同读出垫尺寸下单强子水平的能量和位置分辨率。这些结果，然后使用在一个参数的形式，以获得一个初步估计的DHCAL的能量流的重建在ILC检测器的贡献。
Resistive Plate Chamber Detector Construction and Certification: State-of-the-Art Facilities at the Max Planck Institute for Physics, in Partnership with Industrial Partners
本文介绍慕尼黑马克斯·普朗克物理研究所与工业伙伴合作建立的RPC探测器组装与认证设施，通过分阶段原型验证，实现从研究级到工业级规模化生产，并进入最终认证阶段。
Glass based Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are going to be used as an active element in the Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) experiment at the India based Neutrino Observatory (INO), which is being constructed to study atmospheric neutrinos. Though the RPC detector operational parameters are more or less finalized, the readout electronics is being developed using various technologies. The ICAL experiment will consist of about 29,000 RPC detectors of 2 m $\times$ 2 m in size with each detector having 64 readout channels both in the X and Y directions. The present study focusses on multi-channel electro…
Extensice Air Shower (EAS) arrays are survey instruments able to monitor continuously all the overhead sky. Their wide field of view (about 2 sr) is ideal to complement directional detectors by performing unbiased sky surveys, by monitoring variable or flaring sources, such as AGNs, and to discover transients or explosive events (GRBs). With an energy threshold in the 100 GeV range EAS arrays are transient factories. All EAS arrays presently in operation or under installation are located in the Northern hemisphere. A new survey instrument located in the Southern Hemisphere should be a high pri…
We present experimental results on the counting rate measurements for several single-gap $^{10}$B lined resistive plate chambers ($^{10}$B-RPCs) with anodes made from standard float glass, low resistivity glass and ceramic. The measurements were performed at the V17 monochromatic neutron beamline (3.35 Ȧ) at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. For the $^{10}$B-RPCs with 0.28 mm thick float glass a maximum counting rate density of about $8\times 10^{3}$ $Hz/cm^{2}$ was obtained. In the case of low resistivity glass and ceramic, the counting rate density did not deviate from linear dependence on the n…
Eco-friendly Resistive Plate Chambers for detectors in future HEP applications
针对欧盟禁用高全球变暖潜能气体的问题，RPC EcoGas@GIF++合作组织研究了不同布局探测器在环保型气体混合物下的性能，并报告了实验结果及老化测试计划。
The Muon Upgrade Phase II of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) aims to guarantee the optimal conditions of the present system and extend the $η$ coverage to ensure a reliable system for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) period. The Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) system will upgrade the off-detector electronics (called link system) of the chambers currently installed chambers and place improved RPCs (iRPCs) to cover the high pseudo$-$rapidity region, a challenging region for muon reconstruction in terms of background and momentum resolution. In order to find the best option for …
Transforming the resistive plate chambers from charged-particle into gamma-quanta detectors opens the way towards their application as a basic element of a hybrid imaging system, which combines positron emission tomography (PET) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a single device and provides non- and minimally- invasive quantitative methods for diagnostics. To this end, we performed detailed investigations encompassing the whole chain from the annihilation of the positron in the body, through the conversion of the created photons into electrons and to the optimization of the electron yie…
The ALICE Muon Trigger is currently yielded by a detector currently composed of 72 Bakelite single-gap Resistive Plate Chambers operated in maxi-avalanche mode, arranged in four 5.5x6.5 m2 detection planes. In order to meet the requirements posed by the forthcoming LHC high luminosity runs starting from 2021 onwards, in which ALICE will be read out in continuous mode, the Muon Trigger will become a Muon Identifier and will undergo a major upgrade. In the current setup, signals from about 21k strips are discriminated by 2400 non-amplified Front End (FEE) cards, whose thresholds are provided by …
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