We performed Monte Carlo simulations in a bilayer system composed by two thin films, one ferromagnetic (FM) and the other antiferromagnetic (AFM). Two lattice structures for the films were considered: simple cubic (sc) and a body center cubic (bcc). In both lattices structures we imposed an uncompensated interfacial spin structure, in particular we emulated a FeF2-FM system in the case of the (bcc) lattice. Our analysis focused on the incidence of the interfacial strength interactions between the films J_eb and the effect of thermal fluctuations on the bias field H_EB. We first performed Monte Carlo simulations on a microscopic model based on classical Heisenberg spin variables. To analyze the simulation results we also introduced a simplified model that assumes coherent rotation of spins located on the same layer parallel to the interface. We found that, depending on the AFM film anisotropy to exchange ratio, the bias field is either controlled by the intrinsic pinning of a domain wall parallel to the interface or by the stability of the first AFM layer (quasi domain wall) near the interface.
Models of exchange-bias in thin films have been able to describe various aspects of this technologically relevant effect. Through appropriate choices of free parameters the modelled hysteresis loops adequately match experiment, and typical domain structures can be simulated. However, the use of these parameters, notably the coupling strength between the systems' ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) layers, obscures conclusions about their influence on the magnetization reversal processes. Here we develop a 2D phase-field model of the magnetization process in exchange-biased CoO/(Co/Pt)…
Using magnetron sputtering, we produced a series of Co/CoO-MgO nanoparticles on Si(100) substrates. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image shows that small isolated Co-clusters (core) covered with CoO (shells) with a size of a few nm embedded in a MgO matrix. Resistivity as a function of Co atomic ratio exhibits a distinct percolation threshold with a sharp decrease around 69% Co content. Across the threshold, the resistivity drops about 7 orders of magnitude. For a sample at this percolation critical threshold, we have observed a giant exchange bias field HE=2460 Oe at…
Non-collinear antiferromagnets, with either an L1$_{2}$ cubic crystal lattice (e.g. Mn$_{3}$Ir and Mn$_{3}$Pt) or a D0$_{19}$ hexagonal structure (e.g. Mn$_{3}$Sn and Mn$_{3}$Ge), exhibit a number of novel phenomena of interest to topological spintronics. Amongst the cubic systems, for example, tetragonally distorted Mn$_{3}$Pt exhibits an intrinsic anomalous Hall effect (AHE). However, Mn$_{3}$Pt only enters a non-collinear magnetic phase close to the stoichiometric composition and at suitably large thicknesses. Therefore, we turn our attention to Mn$_{3}$Ir, the material of choice for use in…
We investigate the exchange bias and training effects in the FM/AF heterostructures using a unified Monte Carlo dynamical approach. This real dynamical method has been proved reliable and effective in simulating dynamical magnetization of nanoscale magnetic systems. The magnetization of the uncompensated AF layer is still open after the first field cycling is finished. Our simulated results show obvious shift of hysteresis loops (exchange bias) and cycling dependence of exchange bias (training effect) when the temperature is below 45 K. The exchange bias fields decrease with decreasing the coo…
We study the magnetic properties of cylindrical ferromagnetic core - antiferromagnetic shell nanowires using Monte Carlo simulations and a classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian in order to elucidate the impact of the oxidized shell on the magnetic properties and the magnetization reversal mechanism. We find that the coupling to the antiferromagnetic shell leads to suppression of the coercivity and emergence of a weak exchange bias effect. Comparison of the magnetization reversal mechanism in the bare and the surface-oxidized nanowire reveals that the domain wall propagation and annihilation remains…
Exchange bias is a phenomenon critical to solid-state technologies that require spin valves or non-volatile magnetic memory. The phenomenon is usually studied in the context of magnetic interfaces between antiferromagnets and ferromagnets, where the exchange field of the former acts as a means to pin the polarization of the latter. In the present study, we report an unusual instance of this phenomenon in the topological Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, where the magnetic interfaces associated with domain walls suffice to bias the entire ferromagnetic bulk. Remarkably, our data suggests the presence of…
Using x-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroism techniques, we demonstrate a collinear exchange coupling between an epitaxial antiferromagnet, tetragonal CuMnAs, and an Fe surface layer. A small uncompensated Mn magnetic moment is observed which is antiparallel to the Fe magnetization. The staggered magnetization of the 5nm thick CuMnAs layer is rotatable under small magnetic fields, due to the interlayer exchange coupling. This allows us to obtain the x-ray magnetic linear dichroism spectra for different crystalline orientations of CuMnAs in the (001) plane.
We have studied the spin orbit torque (SOT) in Pt/Co/Ir multilayers with 3 repeats of the unit structure. As the system exhibits oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) with varying Ir layer thickness, we compare the SOT of films when the Co layers are coupled ferromagnetically and antiferromagnetically. SOT is evaluated using current induced shift of the anomalous Hall resistance hysteresis loops. A relatively thick Pt layer, serving as a seed layer to the multilayer, is used to generate spin current via the spin Hall effect. In the absence of antiferromagnetic coupling, the SOT is con…
The exchange bias (EB) phenomenon has been found in Nd2/3Ca1/3MnO3 perovskite. The phenomenon manifests itself as a negative horizontal shift of magnetization hysteresis loops. The EB phenomenon is evident of an interface exchange coupling between coexisting antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) phases and confirms the phase separated state of the compound at low temperatures. The EB effect is found to be strongly dependent on the cooling magnetic field and the temperature, which is associated with the evolution of spontaneous AFM - FM phase separated state of the compound. Analysis o…
We study a bilayer structure consisting of an antiferromagnetic insulator and a normal metal. An electron current is driven in the normal metal with direction parallel to the interface between the materials. Due to interfacial exchange coupling between the localized spins in the antiferromagnet and the itinerant electrons in the normal metal, a magnon current can then be induced in the antiferromagnet. Using an uncompensated antiferromagnetic interface, creating an asymmetry in the interfacial coupling to the two degenerate magnon modes, we find that it is possible to generate a magnon spin-cu…
Inspired by recent feats in exchange coupling antiferromagnets to an adjacent material, we demonstrate the possibility of employing them for inducing spin splitting in a superconductor, thereby avoiding the detrimental, parasitic effects of ferromagnets employed to this end. We derive the Gor'kov equation for the matrix Green's function in the superconducting layer, considering a microscopic model for its disordered interface with a two-sublattice magnetic insulator. We find that an antiferromagnetic insulator with effectively uncompensated interface induces a large, disorder-resistant spin sp…
Exchange bias is one of the most extensively studied phenomena in magnetism, since it exerts a unidirectional anisotropy to a ferromagnet (FM) when coupled to an antiferromagnet (AFM) and the control of the exchange bias is therefore very important for technological applications, such as magnetic random access memory and giant magnetoresistance sensors. In this letter, we report the crystal structure manipulation of the exchange bias in epitaxial hcp Cr2O3 films. By epitaxially growing twined (10-10) oriented Cr2O3 thin films, of which the c axis and spins of the Cr atoms lie in the film plane…
We propose a mechanism to explain the phenomenon of positive exchange bias on magnetic bilayered systems. The mechanism is based on the formation of a domain wall at a disordered interface during field cooling (FC) which induces a symmetry breaking of the antiferromagnet, without relying on any ad hoc assumption about the coupling between the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) layers. The domain wall is a result of the disorder at the interface between FM and AFM, which reduces the effective anisotropy in the region. We show that the proposed mechanism explains several known experi…
Topological magnon modes are expected to be useful for novel applications such as robust information propagation, since they are immune to backscattering and robust against disorder. Although there are several of theoretical proposals for topological magnon modes and growing experimental efforts for realizing them by now, it is still desirable to add complementary insights on this important phenomenon. Here, we propose a new scheme to achieve topological magnon where only nearest-neighbour exchange couplings on honeycomb lattice are necessary. In both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, tuning …
Chiral induced spin selectivity is a phenomenon that has been attributed to chirality, spin-orbit interactions, and non-equilibrium conditions, while the role of electron exchange and correlations have been investigated only marginally until very recently. However, as recent experiments show that chiral molecules acquire a finite spin-polarization merely by being in contact with a metallic surface, these results suggest that electron correlations play a more crucial role for the emergence of the phenomenon than previously thought. Here, it is demonstrated that molecular vibrations give rise to…
We report on the consequences of non-uniform exchange in magnetic systems. The quantum mechanical exchange interaction between spins is responsible for the phenomenon of magnetic order, and is generally considered to be uniform across bulk magnetic systems. Partly inspired by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction--also known as antisymmetric exchange--we use a linearly varying exchange interaction along a magnetic strip as a route to spatial inversion symmetry-breaking. We find that, in addition to asymmetric modes and localization, spatially-varying exchange can be used to design nonreciproca…
We demonstrate the new specific phenomenon of the long-time resonant energy exchange in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the radial breathing mode as a carrier. This process turns out to be stable in the wide range of the excitation energy. It is shown that the modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation, obtained in the framework of nonlinear elastic thin shell theory, describes the CNT nonlinear dynamics in the considered frequency band. The numerical integration of the thin shell theory equations confirms the results of the analytical study.
Ion bombardment has been shown to be capable of enhancing the interlayer exchange coupling in a trilayer system that exhibits giant magnetoresistance. We demonstrate that this phenomenon can be derived from the phase coherence among scattered paths within the two rough interfaces when their topographies are correlated. In the case of mild corrugations, our method reproduces the predictions by the proximity force approximation which does not consider the interference. When the characteristic Fourier conjugate of the tomography becomes large and comparable to the Fermi momentum, interesting new …
We report on a novel exchange mechanism, mediating the Kondo screening, in a correlated double quantum dot structure in the proximity of superconductor, stemming from nonlocal Andreev reflection processes. We estimate its strength perturbatively and corroborate analytical predictions with accurate numerical renormalization group calculations using an effective model for the superconductor-proximized nanostructure. We demonstrate that superconductor-induced exchange leads to a two-stage Kondo screening. We determine the dependence of the Kondo temperature on the coupling to superconductor and p…
Magnetic thin films at ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) leak angular momentum, which may be absorbed by adjacent layers. This phenomenon, known as spin pumping, is manifested by an increase in the resonance linewidth ($ΔH$), and the closely related Gilbert damping. Another effect of this transfer of spin currents is a dynamical and long-range coupling that can drive two magnetic layers into a collective precession when their FMR frequencies coincide. A collective behavior is also found in magnetic trilayers with interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). In this study we investigate the interplay betwee…
