真空揭示：致密恒星真空不稳定性的最终状态
The vacuum revealed: the final state of vacuum instabilities in compact stars
摘要：
致密星中的量子场由于半经典不稳定性而被放大。这种耦合到曲率的标量场的共性特征可能会影响相对论恒星的诞生和平衡结构。我们指出，半经典不稳定性有一个经典的对应，它发生在参数空间的同一区域。当耦合参数为负值时，不稳定性等价于著名的“自发标量化”效应：不稳定性的合理终态是一个静态的、渐近平坦的平衡态，量子场的期望值为非零，这与弱场区的实验是相容的，并且在广义相对论中比恒星解在能量上更有利。对于耦合参数的正值，新的配置是积极不利的，和不稳定性的终点仍然是一个开放的和有趣的问题。真空不稳定性可能提供了一个自然的机制，产生自发标量化，导致新的实验机会，通过天体物理观测致密恒星探测真空能量的性质。
英文摘要：
Quantum fields in compact stars can be amplified due to a semiclassical instability. This generic feature of scalar fields coupled to curvature may affect the birth and the equilibrium structure of relativistic stars. We point out that the semiclassical instability has a classical counterpart, which occurs exactly in the same region of the parameter space. For negative values of the coupling parameter the instability is equivalent to the well-known "spontaneous scalarization" effect: the plausible end-state of the instability is a static, asymptotically flat equilibrium configuration with nonzero expectation value for the quantum fields, which is compatible with experiments in the weak-field regime and energetically favored over stellar solutions in general relativity. For positive values of the coupling parameter the new configurations are energetically disfavored, and the end-point of the instability remains an open and interesting issue. The vacuum instability may provide a natural mechanism to produce spontaneous scalarization, leading to new experimental opportunities to probe the nature of vacuum energy via astrophysical observations of compact stars.
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