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arXiv 1012.0642astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thnucl-th
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寻找类变色龙标量场

Searching for Chameleon-like Scalar Fields

S. A. Levshakov, P. Molaro, M. G. Kozlov, A. V. Lapinov, C. Henkel, D. Reimers, T. Sakai, I. I. Agafonova

备注：
12 pages, 1 figure. To appear in the proceedings of the JENAM 2010 Symposium 1 "From Varying Couplings to Fundamental Physics" (Lisbon, Portugal)
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摘要：

使用32米的Medicina望远镜、45米的Nobeyama望远镜和100米的Effelsberg望远镜，我们发现在银河系寒冷而致密的分子核心中，NH3（1，1）的反转跃迁与N2 H+（1-0）和HC 3 N（2-1）的低J旋转跃迁之间存在统计学上显著的速度偏移Δ V = 27 +/- 3 m/s（1 σ）。由湍流运动和速度梯度，可能的非热超精细结构人口，压力和光学深度的影响所造成的线中心的系统移位被证明是低于或约1米/秒，因此可以忽略不计的总误差预算。在同一设施（Effelsberg望远镜）上，每年的Delta V的再现性被认为是非常好的。由于反转和旋转跃迁的频率对mu = m_e/m_p的变化具有不同的敏感性，因此所揭示的非零Δ V可能意味着当在高（陆地）和低（星际）物质密度下测量时，mu会发生变化，正如变色龙般的标量场模型所预测的那样-暗能量载体的候选者。因此，我们正在测试标量场模型是否与普通物质有变色龙型的相互作用。测得的速度偏移对应于比率Δ mu/mu =（mu_space - mu_lab）/mu_lab为（26 +/- 3）x10^{-9}（1 σ）。

英文摘要：

Using the 32-m Medicina, 45-m Nobeyama, and 100-m Effelsberg telescopes we found a statistically significant velocity offset Delta V = 27 +/- 3 m/s (1sigma) between the inversion transition in NH3(1,1) and low-J rotational transitions in N2H+(1-0) and HC3N(2-1) arising in cold and dense molecular cores in the Milky Way. Systematic shifts of the line centers caused by turbulent motions and velocity gradients, possible non-thermal hyperfine structure populations, pressure and optical depth effects are shown to be lower than or about 1 m/s and thus can be neglected in the total error budget. The reproducibility of Delta V at the same facility (Effelsberg telescope) on a year-to-year basis is found to be very good. Since the frequencies of the inversion and rotational transitions have different sensitivities to variations in mu = m_e/m_p, the revealed non-zero Delta V may imply that mu changes when measured at high (terrestrial) and low (interstellar) matter densities as predicted by chameleon-like scalar field models - candidates to the dark energy carrier. Thus we are testing whether scalar field models have chameleon-type interactions with ordinary matter. The measured velocity offset corresponds to the ratio Delta mu/mu = (mu_space - mu_lab)/mu_lab of (26 +/- 3)x10^{-9} (1sigma).

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