用氨方法寻找类变色龙标量场
Searching for chameleon-like scalar fields with the ammonia method
摘要：
本文用氨方法研究了银河系附近的暗云，并对暗云的电子质子质量比mu = m_e/m_p进行了讨论。这个比率，这是在不同的物理环境中测量的高（地球）和低（星际）密度的重子物质被认为是变化的变色龙状标量场模型，预测强烈的依赖性的质量和耦合常数的本地物质密度。在三台射电望远镜上对NH_3（J，K）=（1，1），HC_3NJ = 2-1和N_2H + J = 1-0谱线上的分子核进行了高分辨率光谱观测，以测量NH_3（1，1）以及对参数dmm =（mu_obs-mu_lab）/mu_lab具有不同灵敏度的其它分子的转动跃迁。DeltaV的测量值显示23 +/- 4_stat +/- 3_sys m/s的统计学显著速度偏移。当根据电子-质子质量比变化解释时，这推断出dmm =（2.2 +/- 0.4_stat +/- 0.3_sys）x10^{-8}。如果仅考虑保守上限，则氨与其它分子之间的最大偏移为|DeltaV| <= 30 m/s。这给出了在z = 0处对于dmm的最精确的参考点：|dmm| <= 3x 10 ^{-8}。
英文摘要：
(Abridged) The ammonia method, which has been proposed to explore the electron-to-proton mass ratio, mu = m_e/m_p, is applied to nearby dark clouds in the Milky Way. This ratio, which is measured in different physical environments of high (terrestrial) and low (interstellar) densities of baryonic matter is supposed to vary in chameleon-like scalar field models, which predict strong dependence of both masses and coupling constant on the local matter density. High resolution spectral observations of molecular cores in lines of NH3 (J,K) = (1,1), HC3N J = 2-1, and N2H+ J = 1-0 were performed at three radio telescopes to measure the radial velocity offsets, DeltaV = V_rot - V_inv, between the inversion transition of NH3 (1,1) and the rotational transitions of other molecules with different sensitivities to the parameter dmm = (mu_obs - mu_lab)/mu_lab. The measured values of DeltaV exhibit a statistically significant velocity offset of 23 +/- 4_stat +/- 3_sys m/s. When interpreted in terms of the electron-to-proton mass ratio variation, this infers that dmm = (2.2 +/- 0.4_stat +/- 0.3_sys)x10^{-8}. If only a conservative upper bound is considered, then the maximum offset between ammonia and the other molecules is |DeltaV| <= 30 m/s. This gives the most accurate reference point at z = 0 for dmm: |dmm| <= 3x10^{-8}.
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