Milky Way中电子质子质量比空间变化的严格限制
Stringent bounds to spatial variations of the electron-to-proton mass ratio in the Milky Way
摘要：
氨的方法来探测的变化的电子-质子质量比，Δ_μ/μ，适用于致密的星前分子云在银河系中的第一次。在英仙座分子云中观测到的21个NH_3/CCS对的仔细选择的样品提供了偏移Δ V（CCS-NH_3）= 36+/-7_{stat}+/-13.5_{sys} m/s。Pagani等人（2009）在一个孤立的致密岩芯L183中发现了NH_3（J，K）=（1，1）和N_2H+ J = 1-0之间的类似偏移Δ V = 40.8 +/- 12.9_{stat} m/s。总的来说，这些观察结果提供了在Δ V < 100 m/s的水平下氨与其他分子之间的最大偏移的安全界限。这个界限对应于Delta_mu/mu <1 E-7，这比现有的河外约束敏感一个数量级。从表面上看，测得的Delta V显示NH_3和这两种其他分子的线中心之间的正位移，并表明实际偏移，这意味着Delta_mu/mu约为4 E-8。如果Delta_mu/mu遵循局域引力势的梯度，那么得到的结果与太阳系实验室原子钟实验有5个数量级的冲突，因此需要一个变色龙型的标量场模型。目前计划进行涉及其他分子和更广泛对象的新测量以及分子静止频率的验证，以确认这些初步迹象。
英文摘要：
The ammonia method to probe variations of the electron-to-proton mass ratio, Delta_mu/mu, is applied for the first time to dense prestellar molecular clouds in the Milky Way. Carefully selected sample of 21 NH_3/CCS pairs observed in the Perseus molecular cloud provide the offset Delta V (CCS-NH_3)= 36+/-7_{stat}+/-13.5_{sys} m/s . A similar offset of Delta V = 40.8 +/- 12.9_{stat} m/s between NH_3 (J,K) = (1,1) and N_2H+ J = 1-0 has been found in an isolated dense core L183 by Pagani et al. (2009). Overall these observations provide a safe bound of a maximum offset between ammonia and the other molecules at the level of Delta V < 100 m/s. This bound corresponds to Delta_mu/mu < 1E-7, which is an order of magnitude more sensitive than available extragalactic constraints. Taken at face value the measured Delta V shows positive shifts between the line centers of NH_3 and these two other molecules and suggest a real offset, which would imply a Delta_mu/mu about 4E-8. If Delta_mu/mu follows the gradient of the local gravitational potential, then the obtained results are in conflict with laboratory atomic clock experiments in the solar system by 5 orders of magnitude, thus requiring a chameleon-type scalar field model. New measurements involving other molecules and a wider range of objects along with verification of molecular rest frequencies are currently planned to confirm these first indications.
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