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arXiv 1012.0539quant-phphysics.optics
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具有不完美态和检测器的量子精密测量

Quantum metrology with imperfect states and detectors

Animesh Datta, Lijian Zhang, Nicholas Thomas-Peter, Uwe Dorner, Brian J. Smith, Ian A. Walmsley

摘要:

计量精度的量子增强可能会受到系统缺陷的影响。这些可以通过适当地优化输入状态以使其鲁棒来减轻,代价是使状态难以准备。在本文中,我们确定了光学传感器的主要来源:输入状态准备效率低下,传感器损耗,检测器效率低下。其中第二个受到了广泛的关注,我们表明,它是最小的破坏超过标准的量子限制在一个光学干涉传感器。此外,我们表明,可以在实验室中使用可行的资源制备的光子态允许使用光子数分辨检测器的测量策略,不仅在没有损失的情况下达到海森堡相位估计极限,而且在包括损失和效率低下的现实场景中提供接近最大可能的精度。特别是,我们给出了三个来源的不完美,将允许真正的量子增强光学计量之间的权衡界限。

英文摘要:

Quantum enhancements of precision in metrology can be compromised by system imperfections. These may be mitigated by appropriate optimization of the input state to render it robust, at the expense of making the state difficult to prepare. In this paper, we identify the major sources of imperfection an optical sensor: input state preparation inefficiency, sensor losses, and detector inefficiency. The second of these has received much attention; we show that it is the least damaging to surpassing the standard quantum limit in a optical interferometric sensor. Further, we show that photonic states that can be prepared in the laboratory using feasible resources allow a measurement strategy using photon-number-resolving detectors that not only attains the Heisenberg limit for phase estimation in the absence of losses, but also deliver close to the maximum possible precision in realistic scenarios including losses and inefficiencies. In particular, we give bounds for the trade off between the three sources of imperfection that will allow true quantum-enhanced optical metrology.

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