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arXiv 1011.6545astro-ph.HEgr-qc
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含高能粒子的准直射流模型

Model of collimated jets with high energy particles

C. Barbachoux, J. Gariel, G. Marcilhacy, N. O. Santos

摘要:

在不同的天体物理尺度和不同的环境中,以黑洞(BH)为假定的中心引擎,对非常活跃的准直喷流进行精确观测的数据集越来越多,应该很快就可以对能够描述喷流形成的当前理论模型进行区分和分类。我们建立了一个纯引力理论模型的理想情况下,中央发动机是一个克尔BH的质量$M$和角动量的质量单位$a$的高能粒子的完全准直射流。我们在Weyl坐标($ρ$,$z$)中研究了无约束Kerr二维测地线,这些测地线是平行于方程ρ=常数= ρ_{1}= [(a/M)^2+Q/(E^2-1)]^{1/2}的$z$轴的直线的渐近线,最近证明了该方程的存在性(Gariel等人,A & A,2010)。在这些测地线上,流动测试能量为$E$的粒子,具有卡特常数$Q$和(必然)角动量$L_{z}=0$。研究了测地线方程组的特点,在双根的特殊情况下,给出了具有径向结构的射流,并计算了其能流。由射流功率的观测数据,我们得到了任意带电或中性试验粒子的平均粒子密度、粒子流、速度和射流的洛伦兹因子。然后,我们将这些结果应用于电子。我们还讨论了域的初始条件的测地线开始内部的遍历。所有这些结果都来自Kerr时空结构,并加强了Penrose过程作为高能喷注的可能起源。

英文摘要:

The increasing data set of precise observations of very energetic and collimated jets, with black hole (BH) as putative central engine, at different astrophysical scales and in various environments, should soon permit to discriminate and classify current theoretical models able to describe the jets formation. We construct a purely gravitational theoretical model of perfectly collimated jets of high energy particles in the ideal case where the central engine is a Kerr BH of mass $M$ and angular momentum by unit of mass $a$. We study in Weyl coordinates ($ρ$, $z$) the unbound Kerr 2D-geodesics which are asymptotes to straight lines parallel to the $z$ axis of equations ρ=constant= ρ_{1}= [(a/M)^2+Q/(E^2-1)]^{1/2} of which existence was recently demonstrated (Gariel et al.,A & A, 2010). On these geodesics, flow test particles of energy $E$, with a Carter constant $Q$ and (necessarily) an angular momentum $L_{z}=0$. Studying the characteristics of the geodesics equations system, in the special case of a double root, we exhibit jets with a radial structure, whose energy flux can be calculated. From the observed data of the jet powers, we obtain the mean particles density, the particles flow, the speed and the Lorentz factor of the jets, for any charged or neutral test particle. Then, we numerically apply these results to electrons. We also discuss the domains of initial conditions for geodesics starting inside the ergosphere. All these results come from the Kerr spacetime structure, and enhance the Penrose process as a plausible origin for the high energy jets.

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