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arXiv 1309.7652astro-ph.HE
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来自相对论准直外流的光球发射的偏振特性

Polarization properties of photospheric emission from relativistic, collimated outflows

Christoffer Lundman, Asaf Pe'er, Felix Ryde

摘要:

我们考虑了光球发射的偏振特性,它起源于喷流,喷流由一个高度相对论性的核心组成,核心的张角为θ_j,洛伦兹因子为Gamma_0,周围的剪切层中的洛伦兹因子随着喷流轴的角度按指数p的幂律减小。我们发现显着的线性偏振度的观察者位于视角θ_v \gtrsim θ_j。特别是,从窄喷流(θ_j \approx 1/Gamma_0)与陡峭的洛伦兹因子梯度(p \gtrsim 4)的发射偏振度达到\sim 40%。对于时变射流,偏振角可以偏移π/2。偏振发射的热峰以下的光谱由于光的像差而呈现非热的,而不需要额外的辐射过程或能量耗散。此外,在热峰值之上,由于光子的康普顿化,形成光子的幂律,光子在逃逸之前在不同洛伦兹因子的区域之间重复散射。我们发现,几十个百分点的偏振度和破碎的幂律谱的光球发射结构射流的背景下是自然的。将该模型应用于伽马射线暴,讨论了瞬发辐射的谱形与偏振度之间的预期相关性。

英文摘要:

We consider the polarization properties of photospheric emission originating in jets consisting of a highly relativistic core of opening angle theta_j and Lorentz factor Gamma_0, and a surrounding shear layer where the Lorentz factor is decreasing as a power law of index p with angle from the jet axis. We find significant degrees of linear polarization for observers located at viewing angles theta_v \gtrsim theta_j. In particular, the polarization degree of emission from narrow jets (theta_j \approx 1/Gamma_0) with steep Lorentz factor gradients (p \gtrsim 4) reaches \sim 40%. The angle of polarization may shift by pi/2 for time-variable jets. The spectrum below the thermal peak of the polarized emission appears non-thermal due to aberration of light, without the need for additional radiative processes or energy dissipation. Furthermore, above the thermal peak a power law of photons forms due to Comptonization of photons that repeatedly scatter between regions of different Lorentz factor before escaping. We show that polarization degrees of a few tens of percent and broken power law spectra are natural in the context of photospheric emission from structured jets. Applying the model to gamma-ray bursts, we discuss expected correlations between the spectral shape and the polarization degree of the prompt emission.

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