Beaming Selection and SN-GRB-Jets Evolution

相对论喷流中光致π介子产生过程的中微子发射束流模式

Beaming patterns of neutrino emission from photo-pion production in relativistic jets

本文推导了blazar喷流中外部光子场光致π介子产生中微子的各向异性束流模式，发现其沿喷流方向的束流效应显著强于内禀各向同性辐射，忽视此特性会导致中微子通量被严重低估或喷流功率需求被严重高估。

Kinetic Beaming in Radiative Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection: A Mechanism for Rapid Gamma-Ray Flares in Jets

Rapid gamma-ray flares pose an astrophysical puzzle, requiring mechanisms both to accelerate energetic particles and to produce fast observed variability. These dual requirements may be satisfied by collisionless relativistic magnetic reconnection. On the one hand, relativistic reconnection can energize gamma-ray emitting electrons. On the other, as previous kinetic simulations have shown, the reconnection acceleration mechanism preferentially focuses high-energy particles -- and their emitted photons -- into beams, which may create rapid blips in flux as they cross a telescope's line of sight…

The XRF080109-SN2008D and a decade of GRB-Jet-SN connection

Last and nearest GRB-XRF 080109 has been an exceptional lesson on GRB nature. After a decade (since 25 April 08) we know that Supernovae may often contain a Jet. Its persistent activity may shine on axis as a GRBs. Such a persistent, thin beamed gamma jet may be powered by either a BH (Black Holes) or Pulsars. Late stages of these jets may loose the SN traces and appear as a short GRB or a long orphan GRB (depending on jet angular velocity and view angle). XRF are peripherical viewing of the jets. These precessing and spinning gamma jet are originated by Inverse Compton and-or Synchrotron Radi…

活动星系核（AGN）盘中伽马射线暴（GRB）相对论性喷流的传播及其对GRB探测的启示

Propagation of GRB Relativistic Jets in AGN Disks and Its Implication for GRB Detection

研究AGN盘中GRB相对论性喷流的动力学演化，发现仅高光度长持续喷流或低质量SMBH附近的喷流可突破盘面，受阻喷流仅能通过激波突破辐射及冷却被探测。

Relativistic MHD simulations of core-collapse GRB jets: 3D instabilities and magnetic dissipation

Relativistic jets naturally occur in astrophysical systems that involve accretion onto compact objects, such as core collapse of massive stars in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and accretion onto supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGN). It is generally accepted that these jets are powered electromagnetically, by the magnetised rotation of a central compact object. However, how they produce the observed emission and survive the propagation for many orders of magnitude in distance without being disrupted by current-driven non-axisymmetric instabilities is the subject of active debate. …

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of structured GRB jets

After the detection of GRB 170817A, the first unambiguous off-axis gamma-ray burst (GRB), several studies tried to understand the structure of GRB jets. The initial jet structure (directly produced by the central engine) can be partially preserved, or can be completely modified by the interaction with the environment. In this study, we perform three-dimensional, special relativistic hydrodynamics simulations of long GRB jets evolving through a massive progenitor star. Different jet scenarios were considered: Top-hat, Gaussian jets dominated by pressure or by kinetic energy, as well as a model …

Can MAD accretion disks launching structured jets explain both GRB and AGN engines? Magnetically arrested accretion disks launching structured jets in application to GRB and AGN engines

We explore the formation, energetics, and geometry of relativistic jets along with the variability of their central engine. We study both fast and slowly rotating black holes and address our simulations to active galaxy (AGN) centers and gamma ray burst (GRB) engines. The structured jets are postulated to account for emission properties of high energy sources across the mass scale, launched from stellar mass black holes in GRBs and from supermassive black holes in AGNs. Their active cores contain magnetized accretion disks and rotation of the Kerr black hole provides a mechanism for jet launch…

Ten per cent polarized optical emission from GRB 090102

The nature of the jets and the role of magnetic fields in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) remains unclear. In a baryon-dominated jet only weak, tangled fields generated in situ through shocks would be present. In an alternative model, jets are threaded with large scale magnetic fields that originate at the central engine and which accelerate and collimate the jets. The way to distinguish between the models is to measure the degree of polarization in early-time emission, however previous claims of gamma-ray polarization have been controversial. Here we report that the early optical emission from GRB 090…

The MRI imprint on the Short-GRB Jets

Short gamma ray bursts are presumably results of binary neutron star mergers, which lead to the formation of a stellar mass black hole, surrounded by a remnant matter. The strong magnetic fields help collimate jets of plasma, launched along the axis of the black hole rotation. We study the structure and evolution of the accreting plasma in the short GRBs and we model the formation of the base of a relativistic, Poynting-dominated jets. Our numerical models are based on the general relativistic MHD, axisymmetric simulations. We discuss the origin of variability in the GRB jet emission, which ti…

Intermittent hydrodynamic jets in collapsars do not produce GRBs

Strong variability is a common characteristic of the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRB). This observed variability is widely attributed to an intermittency of the central engine, through formation of strong internal shocks in the GRB-emitting jet expelled by the engine. In this paper we study numerically the propagation of hydrodynamic jets, injected periodically by a variable engine, through the envelope of a collapsed star. By post-processing the output of 3D numerical simulations, we compute the net radiative efficiency of the outflow. We find that all intermittent jets are subject t…

GRB 计时：解码 GRB 060729 中隐藏的慢速喷流

GRB Timing: Decoding the Hidden Slow Jets in GRB 060729

本文通过分析 GRB 060729 的瞬时脉冲、X 射线耀发计时及多波段余辉，识别出三股低洛伦兹因子喷流及其两次碰撞过程，提出利用早期发射计时测量 GRB 喷流速度的新范式，深化了对喷流动力学和中心引擎物理的理解。

Contribution to the extragalactic neutrino background from dense environment of GRB jets

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are at present well confirmed sites of acceleration of particles to relativistic energies due to observations of gamma-ray emission in the GeV-TeV energy range. We consider a scenario in which the mechanism accelerating electrons is also responsible for acceleration of hadrons in the GRB jets to multi-PeV energies. Since progenitors of long GRBs are massive stars still immersed in dense stellar clusters, these hadrons can efficiently interact with the matter after escaping from the jet. We calculate the spectra of neutrinos from the interaction of those hadrons wit…

浅喷流伽马射线暴的余辉线偏振特征：对高能伽马射线暴的启示

Afterglow Linear Polarization Signatures from Shallow GRB Jets: Implications for Energetic GRBs

本文构建半解析工具研究浅喷流GRB余辉偏振，发现其偏振低于顶帽喷流模型，并给出峰值偏振解析表达式，成功解释GRB 221009A的观测上限。

Energy injection driven by precessing jets in gamma-ray burst afterglows

Jet precession is considered to universally exist in different-scale astronomical phenomena, including gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). For the long-lived GRB central engine, the relativistical precessing jets will periodically inject kinetic energy into the external shocks, then significantly modulate the shapes of the light curves (LCs) in GRB afterglows. In this paper, we adopt the standard external shock model to investigate the effects of jet precession on GRB X-ray afterglows in cases with different parameters, i.e., the steady or time-dependent jet powers, precession periods, precession angles,…

Jets in a Gamma-Ray Burst During its Prompt Emission: Evolution of Lorentz Factor

Knowledge about the Lorentz factor and its evolution of relativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is crucial to understand their physics. An exact value of bulk Lorentz factor can be estimated based on a high-energy spectral cutoff, which may appear in GRBs' prompt emission owing to the absorption of photon-photon pair production. In this work, we focus on the investigation of the bulk Lorentz factor evolution of jets in an individual burst. Based on \textsl{Fermi} observations, we search for the bursts with multiple $γ$-ray pulses characterized by a high-energy spectral cutoff, and nine GR…

A new model of the Central Engine of GRB and the Cosmic Jets

Despite all the already existing observational data, current models still cannot explain completely the excessive energy output and the time variability of GRB. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a good model of the central engine of GRB. A major problem in the proposed models with a black hole (BH) in the center is that they don't explain the observed evidences of late time activity of the central engine. In this paper we are starting the search for a possible model of that central engine as a rotating compact body of still unknown nature. The formation of jets in the new model lies e…

Hyper-accreting black hole as GRB central engine. I: Baryon loading in GRB jets

A hyper-accreting stellar-mass black hole has been long speculated as the best candidate of central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Recent rich observations of GRBs by space missions such as Swift and Fermi pose new constraints on GRB central engine models. In this paper, we study the baryon loading processes of a GRB jet launched from a black hole central engine. We consider a relativistic jet powered by $ν\barν$-annihilation or by the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism. We consider baryon loading from a neutrino-driven wind from a neutrino-cooling-dominated accretion flow. For a magnetically…

Early Rebrightenings of X-ray Afterglows from Ring-Shaped GRB Jets

Early rebrightenings at a post-burst time of 10^2 - 10^4 s have been observed in the afterglows of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Unlike X-ray flares, these rebrightenings usually last for a relatively long period. The continuous energy injection mechanism usually can only produce a plateau in the afterglow light curve, but not a rebrightening. Also, a sudden energy injection can give birth to a rebrightening, but the rebrightening is a bit too rapid. Here we argued that the early rebrightenings can be produced by the ring-shaped jet model. In this scenario, the GRB outflow is not a full cone, …

GRB喷流中后燃线偏振特征：对孤儿后燃的启示

Afterglow Linear Polarization Signatures from Steep GRB Jets: Implications for Orphan Afterglows

研究GRB喷流后燃线偏振特征，通过联合建模区分孤儿后燃的起源，应用于AT2021lfa案例。

Off-axis afterglow light curves and images from 2D hydrodynamic simulations of double-sided GRB jets in a stratified external medium

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets are narrow, and thus typically point away from us. They are initially ultra-relativistic, causing their prompt $γ$-ray and early afterglow emission to be beamed away from us. However, as the jet gradually decelerates its beaming cone widens and eventually reaches our line of sight and the afterglow emission may be detected. Such orphan afterglows were not clearly detected so far. Nevertheless, they should be detected in upcoming optical or radio surveys, and it would be challenging to clearly distinguish between them and other types of transients. Therefore, we perfo…

Neutron conversion-diffusion: a new model for structured short gamma-ray burst jets compatible with GRB 170817

We present a generic theoretical model for the structuring of a relativistic jet propagating through the ejecta of a binary neutron star merger event, introducing the effects of the neutron conversion-diffusion, which provides a baryon flux propagating transversely from the ejecta towards the jet axis. This results naturally in an increased baryon load structure of the outer jet with the approximate isotropic energy distribution $E_{iso}(θ) \propto θ^{-4}$, which is compatible with the first gravitational wave and short gamma-ray burst event GW170817/GRB 170817A observed at an off-axis angle o…

Off-axis short GRBs from structured jets as counterparts to GW events

Binary neutron star mergers are considered to be the most favorable sources that produce electromagnetic (EM) signals associated with gravitational waves (GWs). These mergers are the likely progenitors of short duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The brief gamma-ray emission (the "prompt GRB" emission) is produced by ultra-relativistic jets, as a result, this emission is strongly beamed over a small solid angle along the jet. It is estimated to be a decade or more before a short GRB jet within the LIGO volume points along our line of sight. For this reason, the study of the prompt signal as an E…

利用余辉偏振测量探测伽马射线暴喷流的轴对称性

Probing the axial symmetry of gamma-ray burst jets using afterglow polarimetry

本文采用椭圆形喷流头模型分析非轴对称结构对GRB余辉偏振演化的影响，揭示偏振峰数、消光及位置角旋转特征，并用于解释多个GRB事件。

Testing the neutrino annihilation model for launching GRB jets

The mechanism behind the launching of gamma-ray-burst (GRB) jets remains debated resulting in large uncertainty over the jet composition. Both magnetohydrodynamical and neutrino annihilation models have been proposed for the energy extraction in a black hole/accretion-disc central engine. In particular, for the extreme accretion rates $\dot M\sim 0.1-1$~ M$_\odot$s$^{-1}$ expected for bursts of duration $T\lesssim 100$~s, the disc can be an efficient neutrino emitter. Neutrino-antineutrino annihilation results in an energy deposition rate at the jet that can, in principle, account for the burs…

Propagation of Relativistic, Hydrodynamic, Intermittent Jets in a Rotating, Collapsing GRB Progenitor Star

The prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is characterized by rapid variabilities, which may be a direct reflection of the unsteady central engine. We perform a series of axisymmetric 2.5-dimensional simulations to study the propagation of relativistic, hydrodynamic, intermittent jets through the envelope of a GRB progenitor star. A realistic rapidly rotating star is incorporated as the background of jet propagation, and the star is allowed to collapse due to the gravity of the central black hole. By modeling the intermittent jets with constant-luminosity pulses with equal on and off dura…

On the existence of a luminosity threshold of GRB jets in massive stars

Motivated by the many associations of $γ$-ray bursts (GRBs) with energetic supernova (SN) explosions, we study the propagation of relativistic jets within the progenitor star in which a SN shock wave may be launched briefly before the jets start to propagate. Based on analytic considerations and verified with an extensive set of 2D axisymmetric relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, we have estimated a threshold intrinsic jet luminosity, $L_{\rm j}^{\rm thr}$, for successfully launching a jet. This threshold depends on the structure of the progenitor and, thus, it is sensible to its mass and t…

通过费米样本的系统分析揭示伽马射线暴喷流的磁化因子

Magnetization Factors of Gamma-Ray Burst Jets Revealed by a Systematic Analysis of the Fermi Sample

本文通过系统分析费米样本中已知红移GRB的时间分辨光谱，对比热与非热辐射成分诊断磁化因子，发现大多数GRB喷流具有显著磁能成分且$σ_0\geq 10$，并指出$σ_0$在同一暴内变化显著。

Thermal Radiation from GRB Jets

In this study, the light curves and spectrum of the photospheric thermal radiation from ultrarelativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets are calculated using 2D relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of jets from a collapsar. As the jet advances, the density around the head of the jet decreases, and its Lorentz factor reaches as high as 200 at the photosphere and 400 inside the photosphere. For an on-axis observer, the photosphere appears concave shaped due to the low density and high beaming factor of the jet. The luminosity varies because of the abrupt change in the position of the photosphere du…

Observational signatures of stellar explosions driven by relativistic jets

The role of relativistic jets in unbinding the stellar envelope during a supernova (SN) associated with a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is unclear. To study that, we explore observational signatures of stellar explosions that are driven by jets. We focus on the final velocity distribution of the outflow in such explosions and compare its observational imprints to SN/GRB data. We find that jet driven explosions produce an outflow with a flat distribution of energy per logarithmic scale of proper velocity. The flat distribution seems to be universal as it is independent of the jet and the progenitor pro…

Toward an inner connection of SNe Ic, SLSNe Ic, XRF connected SNe, SNe Ic-BL, and GRB connected SNe

Type Ic supernovae (SNe) can be classified as: normal SNe Ic, type Ic super-luminous SNe (SLSNe Ic), X-ray flash (XRF) connected SNe, broad-line SNe Ic (SN Ic-BL), and gamma-ray burst (GRB) connected SNe. Here we suggest an inner connection for all kinds of SNe Ic based on a pair of jets being successfully launched: a normal SN Ic is a normal core collapsar without jets launched; a GRB associated SN Ic is a core collapsar with relativistic jets launched and successfully breaking out the envelope of the progenitor; an XRF associated SN Ic is a core collapsar with jets launched but can only deve…

GRB 201216C和GRB 221009A余辉辐射的双成分喷流模型及对甚高能伽马射线暴喷流结构的启示

Two-component jet model for the afterglow emission of GRB 201216C and GRB 221009A and implications for jet structure of very-high-energy gamma-ray bursts

本文提出双成分喷流模型，由窄和宽张角的顶帽喷流组成，成功解释了GRB 201216C和221009A的甚高能余辉光谱与光变曲线，并揭示了五个VHE GRBs的喷流动能典型值及喷流结构特征。

Neutrino Oscillation from Hidden GRB Jets

Collapsars are the likely progenitors of Long Gamma-Ray Burst (lGRBs). lGRBs have been observed to last for thousands to tens of thousands of seconds, thus making unlikely the neutrino-driven engine as the main mechanism for driving the jets. In this context, the Blandford-Znajek mechanism seems likely to explain the production of rotational-axis directed jets without the need for large accretion rates. These engines, require magnetic fields between $10^{12}$ G $< B < 10^{15}$ G threading the innerdisk, Kerr-BH region to exist. We derive the neutrino self-energy and the effective potential up …

长持续时间伽马射线暴喷流通过及其前身恒星的传播

The propagation of long GRB jets through and beyond its progenitor star

本研究通过多尺度模拟探讨长持续时间伽马射线暴前身恒星中喷流的传播，分析不同磁化程度恒星对喷流观测的影响。

X-ray Radiation Mechanisms and Beaming Effect of Hot Spots and Knots in Active Galactic Nuclear Jets

The observed radio-optical-X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 22 hot spots and 45 knots in the jets of 35 active galactic nuclei are complied from literature and modeled with single-zone lepton models. It is found that the observed luminosities at 5 GHz (L_5GHz) and at 1 keV (L_1keV) are tightly correlated, and the two kinds of sources can be roughly separated with a division of L_1keV=L_5GHz. Our SED fits show that the mechanisms of the X-rays are diverse. Considering the sources at rest, the synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) scattering would dominate the IC process. This model can in…

Low-frequency gravitational wave memory from gamma-ray burst afterglows with energy injection

Ultrarelativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets are strong gravitational wave (GW) sources with memory-type signals. The plateau (or shallow decay) phases driven by the energy injection might appear in the early X-ray afterglows of GRBs. In this paper, we investigate the GW signal as well as X-ray afterglow emission in the framework of GRB jets with energy injection, and both short- and long-duration GRBs are considered. We find that, regardless of the case, because of the antibeaming and time delay effects, a rising slope emerging in the waveform of GW signal due to the energy injection lags far…

A lesson from GW170817: most neutron star mergers result in tightly collimated successful GRB jets

The joint detection of gravitational waves (GWs) and $γ$-rays from a binary neutron-star (NS) merger provided a unique view of off-axis GRBs and an independent measurement of the NS merger rate. Comparing the observations of GRB170817 with those of the regular population of short GRBs (sGRBs), we show that an order unity fraction of NS mergers result in sGRB jets that breakout of the surrounding ejecta. We argue that the luminosity function of sGRBs, peaking at $\approx 2\times 10^{52}\, \mbox{erg s}^{-1}$, is likely an intrinsic property of the sGRB central engine and that sGRB jets are typic…

Evolution of jets driven by relativistic radiation hydrodynamics as Long and Low Luminosity GRBs

We present the three-dimensional numerical simulation of jets modeled with Relativistic Radiation Hydrodynamics (RRH), that evolve across two environments: i) a stratified surrounding medium and ii) a 16TI progenitor model. We consider opacities consistent with various processes of interaction between the fluid and radiation, specifically, free-free, bound-free, bound-bound and electron scattering. We explore various initial conditions, with different radiation energy densities of the beam in hydrodynamical and radiation pressure dominated scenarios, considering only ultra-relativistic jets. I…

双喷流的故事：来自紧密双星GRB前身的双相对论喷流

A Tale of Two Jets: Double Relativistic Outflows from Close Binary GRB Progenitors

研究提出双喷流模型，探讨紧密双星GRB前身中第二喷流的动力学及其观测特征，通过洛伦兹因子比、对齐角和时间延迟影响观测信号，预测SKA、eXTP等观测手段可验证该模型。

Afterglow Polarization from Off-Axis GRB Jets

As we further our studies on Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), both on theoretical models and observational tools, more and more options begin to open for exploration of its physical properties. As transient events primarily dominated by synchrotron radiation, it is expected that the synchrotron photons emitted by GRBs should present some degree of polarization throughout the evolution of the burst. Whereas observing this polarization can still be challenging due to the constraints on observational tools, especially for short GRBs, it is paramount that the groundwork is laid for the day we have abundan…

A wind environment and Lorentz factors of tens explain gamma-ray bursts X-ray plateau

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to have the most relativistic jets, with initial Lorentz factors in the order of a few hundreds. Many GRBs display an early X-ray light-curve plateau, which was not theoretically expected and therefore puzzled the community for many years. Here, we show that this observed signal is naturally obtained within the classical GRB "fireball" model, provided that the initial Lorentz factor is rather a few tens, and the expansion occurs into a medium-low density "wind". The range of Lorentz factors in GRB jets is thus much wider than previously thought and bridges an …

Revealing Short GRB Jet Structure and Dynamics with Gravitational Wave Electromagnetic Counterparts

Compact object mergers are promising candidates for the progenitor system of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Using gravitational wave (GW) triggers to identify a merger, any electromagnetic (EM) counterparts from the jet can be used to constrain the dynamics and structure of short GRB jets. GW triggered searches could reveal a hidden population of optical transients associated with the short-lived jets from the merger object. If the population of merger-jets is dominated by low-Lorentz-factors, then a GW triggered search will reveal the on-axis orphan afterglows from these failed GRBs. By consi…

The role of the magnetic fields in GRB outflows

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright extragalactic flashes of gamma-ray radiation and briefly the most energetic explosions in the Universe. Their catastrophic origin (the merger of compact objects or the collapse of massive stars) drives the formation of a newborn compact remnant (black hole or magnetar) that powers two highly relativistic jets. To distinguish between magnetized and baryonic jet models and ultimately determine the power source for these energetic explosions, our team studies the polarization of the light during the first minutes after the explosion (using novel instruments on f…

UHECRs from magnetic reconnection in relativistic jets

Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) may be produced in active galactic nuclei (AGN) or gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets. I argue that magnetic reconnection in jets can accelerate UHECRs rather independently of physical processes in the magnetic dissipation region. First order Fermi acceleration can efficiently take place in the region where the unreconnected (upstream) magnetized fluid converges into the reconnection layer. I find that protons can reach energies up to E~10^{20} eV in GRB and powerful AGN jets while iron nuclei can reach similar energies in AGN jets of more moderate luminosity.

The structure of weakly-magnetized $ γ$-ray burst jets

The interaction of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets with the dense media into which they are launched promote the growth of local hydrodynamic instabilities along the jet boundary. In a companion paper we study the evolution of hydrodynamic (unmagnetized) jets, finding that mixing of jet-cocoon material gives rise to an interface layer, termed jet-cocoon interface (JCI), which contains a significant fraction of the system energy. We find that the angular structure of the jet + JCI, when they reach the homologous phase, can be approximated by a flat core (the jet) + a power-law function (the JCI) wit…

Modeling the GRB jet properties with 3D general relativistic simulations of magnetically arrested accretion flows

We investigate the dependence of the GRB jet structure and its evolution on the properties of the accreting torus in the central engine. Our models numerically evolve the accretion disk around a Kerr black hole using 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We use two different analytical hydrodynamical models of the accretion disk, based on the Fishbone-Moncrief and Chakrabarti solutions, as our initial states for the structure of the collapsar disk and the remnant after a binary neutron star merger, respectively. We impose poloidal magnetic fields of two different geometries …

重新评估长伽马射线暴（GRB）高能余辉对GRB 221009A后各向同性伽马射线背景（IGRB）的贡献

Reassessing the contribution of long-GRB high-energy afterglows to the isotropic gamma-ray background after GRB 221009A

该研究更新长伽马射线暴对费米-LAT观测的各向同性伽马射线背景贡献的估计，发现GRB 221009A的多TeV余辉未使长GRB成为IGRB的重要来源。

近邻GRB 190829A的硬TeV伽马射线余辉作为伽马射线暴喷流中加速的超高能宇宙射线的试探性特征

Hard TeV Gamma-Ray Afterglows of Nearby GRB 190829A as a Tentative Signature of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Accelerated in Gamma-Ray Burst Jets

本研究针对近邻GRB 190829A的硬TeV伽马射线能谱，提出结合电子自康普顿散射与超高能质子同步辐射的模型，获得了质子能量与总能量的试探性上限，并指出早期观测对揭示超高能质子群至关重要。

Off-Axis Emission of Short GRB Jets from Double Neutron Star Mergers and GRB 170817A

The short-duration ($\lesssim2\;$s) GRB 170817A in the nearby ($D=40\;$Mpc) elliptical galaxy NGC 4993 is the first electromagnetic counterpart of the first gravitational wave (GW) detection of a binary neutron-star (NS-NS) merger. It was followed by optical, IR, and UV emission from half a day up to weeks after the event, as well as late time X-ray and radio emission. The early UV, optical, and IR emission showed a quasi-thermal spectrum suggestive of radioactive-decay powered kilonova-like emission. Comparison to kilonova models favors the formation of a short-lived ($\sim1\;$s) hypermassive…

Some Implications of inverse-Compton Scattering of Hot Cocoon Radiation by relativistic jets in Gamma-Ray Bursts

Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) relativistic jets are surrounded by hot cocoons which confine jets during their punch out from the progenitor star. These cocoons are copious sources of X-ray photons that can be and are inverse-Compton (IC) scattered to MeV--GeV energies by electrons in the relativistic jet. We provide detailed estimates for IC flux resulting from various interactions between X-ray photons and the relativistic jet, and describe what we can learn about GRB jets and progenitor stars from the detection (or an upper limit) of these IC scattered photons.

在类似GRB的宿主星系环境中对PTF宽线Ic型超新星离轴喷流的晚期射电搜寻

A Late-time Radio Search for Highly Off-axis Jets from PTF Broad-lined Ic Supernovae in GRB-like Host Galaxy Environments

本研究使用VLA对14个PTF宽线Ic型超新星进行晚期射电观测，发现PTF10tqv符合经典GRB能量的离轴喷流特征，并排除了11个未探测样本中高能离轴喷流的存在，强调了射电巡天在搜寻离轴喷流中的重要性。

GRBs by thin persistent precessing lepton Jets: the long life GRB110328 and the Neutrino signal

Gamma Ray Burst sources are apparently evolving around us in a harder and brighter samples at far and far redshift. The average output may range from a near Supernova (nearest events) output to a billion time that power for most distant events. Such a tuned evolution around us is not an anti-copernican signature. It is a clear imprint of a off-axis (nearest sources) beaming versus a rarest in-axis blazing (far redshift sources) by a thin relativistic beam (Lorentz factor up ten thousand or above, corresponding to micro-nano steradian solid angle). The main consequence is the rarer and rarer pr…

扩展和蒸发银河系晕中自转伽马喷流作为高能天体物理事件的来源

Precessing Gamma Jets in extended and evaporating galactic halo as a source of GRB

通过扩展和蒸发的银河系晕中自转伽马喷流产生GRB，其机制基于逆康普顿散射和双星相互作用导致的喷流自转。

Gravitational Wave Memory from Gamma Ray Bursts' Jets

While the possible roles of GRBs' progenitors as Gravitational Waves (GW) sources have been extensively studied, little attention has been given to the jet itself as a GW source. We expect the jet's acceleration to produce a GW Memory signal. While all relativistic jet models display anti-beaming of GW radiation away from the jet axis, thus radiating away from directions of GRBs' gamma radiation, this effect is not overwhelming. The decrease of the signal amplitude towards the cone of gamma-ray detectability is weak, and for some models and parameters the GW signal reaches a significant amplit…

Shock Corrugation by Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in GRB Afterglow Jets

Afterglow jets are Rayleigh-Taylor unstable and therefore turbulent during the early part of their deceleration. There are also several processes which actively cool the jet. In this letter, we demonstrate that if cooling significantly increases the compressibility of the flow, the turbulence collides with the forward shock, destabilizing and corrugating it. In this case, the forward shock is turbulent enough to produce the magnetic fields responsible for synchrotron emission via small scale turbulent dynamo. We calculate light curves assuming the magnetic field is in energy equipartition with…