一个普遍存在的~ 6200万年的周期性波动叠加在化石biodiversity的一般趋势上：II，与海洋多样性周期性波动有关的演化动力学
A ubiquitous ~62 Myr periodic fluctuation superimposed on general trends in fossil biodiversity: II, Evolutionary dynamics associated with periodic fluctuation in marine diversity
摘要：
我们研究与周期性化石生物多样性相关的演化动力学。生存时间小于4500万年的海洋属的起源/灭绝的一致周期性波动是论文I中分析的观察到的~ 6200万年周期性的来源。我们还表明，演化动力学的“长寿”属（那些生存>45万年）不参与周期性波动的多样性和不同的“短命”属。这两个属类的演化动力学之间的差异表明，周期性模式不是地质记录质量变化的产物。这两个以前未分化的系统的相互作用，加上长期增加的丰富的“长寿”属，可能是迄今无法解释的差异的来源，在演化动力学之间的古生代和后古生代的报告。测试类似于6200万年周期的化石生物多样性叠加在长期趋势的中生代如论文I所述，我们发现一个显着的（但较弱）的信号在沉积岩包，特别是碳酸盐岩，这表明一个连接。海洋动物中脆弱的“短命”部分的演化动力学存在周期性模式，这表明，环境条件的长期周期性波动能够影响海洋领域的进化，这是我们地球的特点。时间上的巧合比抽样偏差更符合共同的原因。一个先前确定的一组质量波动优先发生在下降阶段的6200万年的周期，支持的想法，周期性与生物重要的应力变化。进一步的工作应该集中在寻找可能揭示因果系统的物理现象的联系。
英文摘要：
We investigate evolutionary dynamics related to periodicity fossil biodiversity. Coherent periodic fluctuation in origination/extinction of marine genera that survive <45 million years is the source of an observed ~62 million year periodicity analyzed in Paper I. We also show that the evolutionary dynamics of "long-lived" genera (those that survive >45 million years) do not participate in the periodic fluctuation in diversity and differ from those of "short-lived" genera. The difference between the evolutionary dynamics of these 2 genera classes indicates that the periodic pattern is not an artifact of variation in quality of the geologic record. The interplay of these two previously undifferentiated systems, together with the secular increase in abundance of "long-lived" genera, is probably the source of heretofore unexplained differences in evolutionary dynamics between the Paleozoic and post-Paleozoic as reported by others. Testing for cycles similar to the 62 Myr cycle in fossil biodiversity superimposed on the long-term trends of the Phanerozoic as described in Paper I, we find a significant (but weaker) signal in sedimentary rock packages, particularly carbonates, which suggests a connection. The presence of a periodic pattern in evolutionary dynamics of the vulnerable "short-lived" component of marine fauna demonstrates that a long-term periodic fluctuation in environmental conditions capable of affecting evolution in the marine realm characterizes our planet. Coincidence in timing is more consistent with a common cause than sampling bias. A previously identified set of mass extinctions preferentially occur during the declining phase of the 62 Myr periodicity, supporting the idea that the periodicity relates to variation in biotically important stresses. Further work should focus on finding links to physical phenomena that might reveal the causal system or systems.
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