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arXiv 1010.2616astro-ph.EP
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考虑恒星噪声的行星探测极限。I.减少恒星振荡和颗粒效应的观测策略

Planetary detection limits taking into account stellar noise. I. Observational strategies to reduce stellar oscillation and granulation effects

Xavier Dumusque, Stephane Udry, Christophe Lovis, Nuno C. Santos, Mario J. F. P. G. Monteiro

摘要:

恒星噪音的径向速度信号很小,大约每秒米,但对于探测宜居带中的地球质量行星来说已经太多了。在本文中,我们解决的重要作用所发挥的观测策略,平均出径向速度签名的恒星噪声。我们还推导出行星质量的检测极限预期存在恒星噪声。我们从ESO档案中提供的4颗恒星(β Hyi,α Cen A,μ Ara和τ Ceti)的HARPS星震学测量开始,加上α Cen B的非常精确的测量。该样本涵盖了从G2到K1的不同光谱型和从亚巨星到矮星的不同演化阶段。由于我们的数据跨度在5到8天之间,我们将能够获得振荡模式和颗粒化现象,而没有在更大的时间尺度上存在的活动噪声的重要贡献。对于这5颗恒星,我们在傅立叶空间拟合相应的恒星噪声模型后生成合成径向速度测量值。这些测量使我们能够研究由于不同的观测策略,以及相应的行星质量检测极限恒星噪声的径向速度变化。每晚进行3次测量,每次曝光10分钟,间隔2小时,似乎最有效地平均了所考虑的恒星噪声。对于安静的K1V恒星α Cen B,这样的策略使我们能够探测到质量约为地球3倍的行星,轨道周期为200天,对应于恒星的宜居带。由于活动尚未包括在我们的模拟中,这些检测极限对应于存在的情况下,其中宿主恒星几乎没有磁性特征。在这种情况下,恒星噪声主要是由振荡模式和颗粒化现象。

英文摘要:

The radial velocity signature of stellar noise is small, around the meter-per-second, but already too much for the detection of Earth mass planets in habitable zones. In this paper, we address the important role played by observational strategies in averaging out the radial velocity signature of stellar noise. We also derive the planetary mass detection limits expected in presence of stellar noise. We start with HARPS asteroseismology measurements for 4 stars (beta Hyi, alpha Cen A, mu Ara and tau Ceti) available in the ESO archive plus very precise measurements of alpha Cen B. This sample covers different spectral types, from G2 to K1 and different evolutionary stage, from subgiant to dwarf stars. Since the span of our data ranges between 5 to 8 days, we will have access to oscillation modes and granulation phenomena, without important contribution of activity noise which is present at larger time scales. For those 5 stars, we generate synthetic radial velocity measurements after fitting corresponding models of stellar noise in Fourier space. These measurements allows us to study the radial velocity variation due to stellar noise for different observational strategies as well as the corresponding planetary mass detection limits. Applying 3 measurements per night of 10 minutes exposure each, 2 hours apart, seems to average out most efficiently the stellar noise considered. For quiet K1V stars as alpha Cen B, such a strategy allows us to detect planets of ~3 times the mass of Earth with an orbital period of 200 days, corresponding to the habitable zone of the star. Since activity is not yet included in our simulation, these detection limits correspond to a case, which exist, where the host star has few magnetic features. In this case stellar noise is dominated by oscillation modes and granulation phenomena.

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