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arXiv 1009.3010astro-ph.CO
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Hickson紧群中UCD的两个形成通道

Two formation channels of UCDs in Hickson Compact Groups

C. Da Rocha, S. Mieske, I. Y. Georgiev, M. Hilker, B. L. Ziegler, C. Mendes de Oliveira

摘要:

超致密矮星系(UCD)的形成被认为是相互作用驱动的,并且UCD大量存在于星系团的核心,这标志着星系演化的终点。关于致密星系群中UCD的性质一无所知,大多数星系演化和相互作用被认为发生在这种环境中,并且可以预期处于中间演化状态的UCD。本研究的主要目标是检测和表征,第一次,紧凑组的UCD人口。为此,VLT/FORS 2/MXU靶向了处于不同进化阶段的2组HCG 22和HCG 90。我们探测到分别属于HCG 22和HCG 90的16个和5个天体,覆盖的星等范围为-10.0 > M_R > -11.5等,它们的颜色与覆盖广泛金属丰度范围的古老年龄一致。测光质量估计将HCG 90中的4个物体和HCG 22中的9个物体放在UCD的质量范围内(>2x10^6 M_Sun),假设年龄为12 Gyr。这些UCD平均比典型的银河系GC大2-3倍,覆盖范围为2 >~ r_h >~ 21 pc。在99%的置信水平下,HCG 22中的UCD比HCG 90更集中在中央星系周围。它们涵盖了从亚太阳到超太阳的[α/Fe]丰度的广泛范围。3个UCD的光谱显示了中间年龄恒星星族的初步证据。我们计算了两组UCD的特异性频率(S_N),发现HCG 22的S_N比HCG 90高约3倍。探测到的UCD的集合特性支持2个共存的形成通道:星团起源和潮汐剥离矮核起源。我们的研究结果意味着,在这两个群体中检测到的UCD,在他们的大多数,起源于相对较近的星系相互作用。大多数被探测到的UCD很可能是与它们的宿主星系一起被带入这个星系群的。[删节]

英文摘要:

The formation of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) is believed to be interaction driven, and UCDs are abundant in the cores of galaxy clusters, environments that mark the end-point of galaxy evolution. Nothing is known about the properties of UCDs in compact groups of galaxies, environments where most of galaxy evolution and interaction is believed to occur and where UCDs in intermediate state of evolution may be expected. The main goal of this study is to detect and characterize, for the first time, the UCD population of compact groups. For that, 2 groups in different evolutionary stages, HCG 22 and HCG 90, were targeted with VLT/FORS2/MXU. We detect 16 and 5 objects belonging to HCG 22 and HCG 90, respectively, covering the magnitude range -10.0 > M_R > -11.5 mag. Their colours are consistent with old ages covering a broad range in metallicities. Photometric mass estimates put 4 objects in HCG 90 and 9 in HCG 22 in the mass range of UCDs (>2x10^6 M_Sun) for an assumed age of 12 Gyr. These UCDs are on average 2-3 times larger than typical Galactic GCs, covering a range of 2 >~ r_h >~ 21 pc. The UCDs in HCG 22 are more concentrated around the central galaxy than in HCG 90, at the 99% confidence level. They cover a broad range in [alpha/Fe] abundances from sub- to super-solar. The spectra of 3 UCDs show tentative evidence for intermediate age stellar populations. We calculate the specific frequency (S_N) of UCDs for both groups, finding that HCG 22 has about three times higher S_N than HCG 90. The ensemble properties of the detected UCDs supports 2 co-existing formation channels: a star cluster origin and an origin as tidally stripped dwarf nuclei. Our results imply that the UCDs detected in both groups do not, in their majority, originate from relatively recent galaxy interactions. Most of the detected UCDs have likely been brought into the group with their host galaxies.[abridged]

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