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arXiv 1209.4353astro-ph.CO
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扩展星系团和超致密矮星系表--早型和晚型矮星系的参数分析

A Catalog of Extended Clusters and Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies - An Analysis of their Parameters in Early- and Late-Type Galaxies

R. C. Bruens, P. Kroupa

摘要:

有效半径大于10 pc的扩展星团在各种环境中都被发现过。质量与球状星团(GC)相当的天体被称为扩展星团(EC),而质量在矮星系范围内的天体被称为超紧凑矮星系(UCD)。本文分析了所有已知的EC和UCD的观测参数光度、有效半径和到宿主星系的投影距离,以及这些参数与宿主星系类型和光度的关系。我们检索了现有的文献,以编制一个大于10 pc的星团目录。由于EC和UCD之间没有明确的区别,这两种类型的物体都被称为扩展恒星物体(EO)。我们总共发现了813个EO,其中171个与晚型星系有关,642个与早型星系有关。EOs的光度范围从MV = -4到-14等。然而,绝大多数亮于-10等的EOs与椭圆星系有关。在每个星等上,发现有效半径在10 pc和一个尺寸上限之间的EO,这表明了一个明显的趋势:物体越亮,尺寸上限就越大。对于与早型和晚型星系相关的EOs,光度函数的峰值分别为-6.40和-6.47等,比GC光度函数的峰值暗约一个星等。在reff vs. MV参数空间中,色球和色球形成了一个相干结构,而色球和早型矮星系之间存在明显的间隙。然而,有一个小的潜在的重叠在高质量的一端,最广泛的EO接近紧凑的椭圆星系的参数。我们比较EO样本与数值模型,并得出结论,EO样本作为一个整体的参数可以很好地解释了星团的起源,其中EO是合并的集群复合物的结果。

英文摘要:

Extended stellar clusters with effective radii larger than 10 pc have been found in various environments. Objects with masses comparable to globular clusters (GCs) are called extended clusters (ECs), while objects with masses in the dwarf galaxy regime are called ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs). The paper analyses the observational parameters luminosity, effective radius, and projected distance to the host galaxy, of all known ECs and UCDs and the dependence of these parameters on the type and the luminosity of their host galaxy. We searched the available literature to compile a catalog of star clusters larger than 10 pc. As there is no clear distinction between ECs and UCDs, both types of objects will be called extended stellar objects (EOs). In total, we found 813 EOs of which 171 are associated with late-type and 642 with early-type galaxies. EOs cover a luminosity range from about MV = -4 to -14 mag. However, the vast majority of EOs brighter than -10 mag are associated with elliptical galaxies. At each magnitude EOs are found with effective radii between 10 pc and an upper size limit, which shows a clear trend: the more luminous the object the larger is the upper size limit. For EOs associated with early-and late-type galaxies, the luminosity functions peak at -6.40 and -6.47 mag, respectively, which is about one magnitude fainter than the peak of the GC luminosity function. EOs and GCs form a coherent structure in the reff vs. MV parameter space, while there is a clear gap between EOs and early type dwarf galaxies. However, there is a small potential overlap at the high-mass end, where the most extended EOs are close to the parameters of compact elliptical galaxies. We compare the EO sample with numerical models and conclude that the parameters of the EO sample as a whole can be very well explained by a star cluster origin, where EOs are the results of merged cluster complexes.

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