Let $f$ be an arbitrary transcendental entire or meromorphic function in the class $\mathcal S$ (i.e. with finitely many singularities). We show that the topological pressure $P(f,t)$ for $t > 0$ can be defined as the common value of the pressures $P(f,t, z)$ for all $z \in \mathbb C$ up to a set of Hausdorff dimension zero. Moreover, we prove that $P(f,t)$ equals the supremum of the pressures of $f|_X$ over all invariant hyperbolic subsets $X$ of the Julia set, and we prove Bowen's formula for $f$, i.e. we show that the Hausdorff dimension of the radial Julia set of $f$ is equal to the infimum of the set of $t$, for which $P(f,t)$ is non-positive. Similar results hold for (non-exceptional) transcendental entire or meromorphic functions $f$ in the class $\mathcal B$ (i.e. with bounded set of singularities), for which the closure of the post-singular set does not contain the Julia set.
This text provides an overview of the (geometric) thermodynamic formalism for transcendental meromorphic and entire functions with particular emphasis on geometric/fractal aspects such as Bowen's Formula expressing the hyperbolic dimension as a unique zero of a pressure function and the behavior of the latter when the transcendental functions vary in an analytic family.
Working with well chosen Riemannian metrics and employing Nevanlinna's theory, we make the thermodynamical formalism work for a wide class of hyperbolic meromorphic functions of finite order (including in particular exponential family, elliptic functions, cosine, tangent and the cosine--root family and also compositions of these functions with arbitrary polynomials). In particular, the existence of conformal (Gibbs) measures is established and then the existence of probability invariant measures equivalent to conformal measures is proven. As a geometric consequence of the developed thermodynam…
We use Bowen's definition of topological entropy and Ahlfors five islands theorem, as well as the theory of polynomial-like mappings, to show that the topological entropy of any entire transcendental function is infinity. In addition the entropy is concentrated on the Julia set for each meromorphic function which has no wandering domains.
For a dynamical system, we study the set of points $\cal W$ whose orbit approximates any chosen point at certain specified rates. Our basic setting is that of left shift acting on topological Markov chains endowed with a local weak Gibbs measure. Our rates of recurrence are so fast that the corresponding set $\cal W$ has measure zero, but we obtain a generalized Bowen formula for Carathéodory dimension. For the case of Markov transformations with countable partition and big image (BI) property a Bowen-type formula is obtained for the Hausdorff dimension of those exceptional sets. In particular…
Bowen's formula relates the Hausdorff dimension of a conformal repeller to the zero of a `pressure' function. We present an elementary, self-contained proof which bypasses measure theory and the Thermodynamic Formalism to show that Bowen's formula holds for $C^1$ conformal repellers. We consider time-dependent conformal repellers obtained as invariant subsets for sequences of conformally expanding maps within a suitable class. We show that Bowen's formula generalizes to such a repeller and that if the sequence is picked at random then the Hausdorff dimension of the repeller almost surely agree…
Analyticity results of expected pressure and invariant densities in the context of random dynamics of transcendental functions are established. These are obtained by a refinement of work by Rugh leading to a simple approach to analyticity. We work under very mild dynamical assumptions. Just the iterates of the Perron-Frobenius operator are assumed to converge. We also provide a Bowen's formula expressing the almost sure Hausdorff dimension of the radial fiberwise Julia sets in terms of the zero of an expected pressure function. Our main application states real analyticity for the variation of …
This work concerns random dynamics of hyperbolic entire and meromorphic functions of finite order and whose derivative satisfies some growth condition at infinity. This class contains most of the classical families of transcendental functions and goes much beyond. Based on uniform versions of Nevanlinna's value distribution theory we first build a thermodynamical formalism which, in particular, produces unique geometric and fiberwise invariant Gibbs states. Moreover, spectral gap property for the associated transfer operator along with exponential decay of correlations and a central limit theo…
We construct some explicit formulas of rational maps and transcendental meromorphic functions having Herman rings of period strictly larger than one. This gives an answer to a question raised by Shishikura in the 1980s. Moreover, the formulas of some rational maps with nested Herman rings are also found. To obtain the formulas of transcendental meromorphic functions having periodic Herman rings, a crucial step is to find an explicit family of transcendental entire functions having bounded Siegel disks of all possible periods and rotation numbers. This is based on proving the existence of a Man…
The ergodic theory and geometry of the Julia set of meromorphic functions on the complex plane with polynomial Schwarzian derivative is investigated under the condition that the forward trajectory of asymptotic values in the Julia set is bounded and the map $f$ restricted to its closure is expanding, the property refered to as sub-expanding. We first show the existence, uniqueness, conservativity and ergodicity of a conformal measure $m$ with minimal exponent $h$; furthermore, we show weak metrical exactness of this measure. Then we prove the existence of a $\sg$--finite invariant measure $μ$ …
We use the upper and lower potential functions and Bowen's formula estimating the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of a regular semigroup generated by finitely many $C^{1+α}$-contracting mappings. This result is an application of the geometric distortion lemma in the first paper at this series.
We study non-autonomous conformal iterated function systems, with finite or countably infinite alphabet alike. These differ from the usual (autonomous) iterated function systems in that the contractions applied at each step in time are allowed to vary. (In the case where all maps are affine similarities, the resulting system is also called a "Moran set construction".) We shall show that, given a suitable restriction on the growth of the number of contractions used at each step, the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of such a system is determined by an equation known as Bowen's formula. We a…
In this article we prove meromorphic continuation of weighted zeta functions in the framework of open hyperbolic systems by using the meromorphically continued restricted resolvent of Dyatlov and Guillarmou (2016). We obtain a residue formula proving equality between residues of weighted zetas and invariant Ruelle distributions. We combine this equality with results of Guillarmou, Hilgert and Weich (2021) in order to relate the residues to Patterson-Sullivan distributions. Finally we provide proof-of-principle results concerning the numerical calculation of invariant Ruelle distributions for 3…
We investigate the dynamics of semigroups of rational maps on the Riemann sphere. To establish a fractal theory of the Julia sets of infinitely generated semigroups of rational maps, we introduce a new class of semigroups which we call nicely expanding rational semigroups. More precisely, we prove Bowen's formula for the Hausdorff dimension of the pre-Julia sets, which we also introduce in this paper. We apply our results to the study of the Julia sets of non-hyperbolic rational semigroups. For these results, we do not assume the cone condition, which has been assumed in the study of infinite …
We consider the subclass of class ${\mathcal B} $ consisting of meromorphic functions $f:{\mathbb C}\to\hat{\mathbb C}$ for which infinity is not an asymptotic value and whose all poles have orders uniformly bounded from above. This class was introduced in \cite{BwKo2012} and the Hausdorff dimension ${\rm HD}({{\mathcal I} (f)})$ of the set ${{\mathcal I} (f)}$ of all points escaping to infinity under forward iteration of $f$ was estimated therein. In this paper we provide a closed formula for the exact value of ${\rm HD}({{\mathcal I} (f)})$ identifying it with the critical exponent of the na…
We interpret a formula for meromorphic functions on foliations by Riemann surfaces as an analogue to the product formula of valuations in algebraic number theory.
In this paper we define distance expanding random dynamical systems. We develop the appropriate thermodynamic formalism of such systems. We obtain in particular the existence and uniqueness of invariant Gibbs states, the appropriate pressure function and exponentially fast convergence of iterates of Perron-Frobenius operators resulting, in particular, in an exponential decay of correlations. We also obtain the formula for the derivative of the expected value of the pressure function. Next, we define and investigate in detail conformal random expanding repellers. Applying the developed machiner…
We provide a closed formula of Bowen type for the Hausdorff dimension of a very general shrinking target scheme generated by the non-autonomous dynamical system on the interval $[0,1)$, viewed as $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$, corresponding to a given method of Cantor series expansion. We also examine a wide class of examples utilizing our theorem. In particular, we provide a Diophantine approximation interpretation of our scheme.
We estimate the upper box and Hausdorff dimensions of the Julia set of an expanding semigroup generated by finitely many rational functions, using the thermodynamic formalism in ergodic theory. Furthermore, we show Bowen's formula, and the existence and uniqueness of a conformal measure, for a finitely generated expanding semigroup satisfying the open set condition. What we discuss is the `backward iterated function systems', and since the generator maps are not injective in general, we need some efforts to estimate the measure of disks.
We consider small perturbations of a conformal iterated function system (CIFS) produced by either adding or removing some generators with small derivative from the original. We establish a formula, utilizing transfer operators arising from the thermodynamic formalism à la Sinai--Ruelle--Bowen, which may be solved to express the Hausdorff dimension of the perturbed limit set in series form: either exactly, or as an asymptotic expansion. Significant applications include strengthening Hensley's asymptotic formula from 1992, which improved on earlier bounds due to Jarník and Kurzweil, for the Haus…
