We call a (q-1)-th Kummer extension of a cyclotomic function field a quasi-cyclotomic function field if it is Galois, but non-abelian, over the rational function field with the constant field of q elements. In this paper, we determine the structure of the Galois groups of a kind of quasi-cyclotomic function fields over the base field. We also give the genus formulae of them.
We say a tame Galois field extension $L/K$ with Galois group $G$ has trivial Galois module structure if the rings of integers have the property that $\Cal{O}_{L}$ is a free $\Cal{O}_{K}[G]$-module. The work of Greither, Replogle, Rubin, and Srivastav shows that for each algebraic number field other than the rational numbers there will exist infinitely many primes $l$ so that for each there is a tame Galois field extension of degree $l$ so that $L/K$ has nontrivial Galois module structure. However, the proof does not directly yield specific primes $l$ for a given algebraic number field $K.$ For…
Let $φ_p(z)=(z-1)^p+2-ζ_p$, where $ζ_p\in\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$ is a primitive $p$-th root of unity for some odd prime $p$. Building on previous work, we show that the $n$-th iterate $φ_p^n(z)$ has Galois group $[C_p]^n$, an iterated wreath product of cyclic groups, whenever $p$ is not a Wieferich prime.
The absolute Galois group of the cyclotomic field $K={\mathbb Q}(ζ_p)$ acts on the étale homology of the Fermat curve $X$ of exponent $p$. We study a Galois cohomology group which is valuable for measuring an obstruction for $K$-rational points on $X$. We analyze a $2$-nilpotent extension of $K$ which contains the information needed for measuring this obstruction. We determine a large subquotient of this Galois cohomology group which arises from Heisenberg extensions of $K$. For $p=3$, we perform a Magma computation with ray class fields, group cohomology, and Galois cohomology, which determin…
We show that the level 2 case of the cyclotomic Grothendieck-Teichmüller groups introduced by Enriquez coincides with the motivic Galois group of mixed Tate motives over $\mathbb{Z}[1/2]$.
This paper studies Galois extensions over real quadratic number fields or cyclotomic number fields ramified only at one prime. In both cases, the ray class groups are computed, and they give restrictions on the finite groups that can occur as such Galois groups. Also the explicit structure of ray class groups of regular cyclotomic number field is given.
Let $k_\infty$ be the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of an algebraic number field $k$. We denote by $S$ a finite set of prime numbers which does not contain $p$, and $S(k_\infty)$ the set of primes of $k_\infty$ lying above $S$. In the present paper, we will study the structure of the Galois group $\mathcal{X}_S (k_\infty)$ of the maximal pro-$p$ extension unramified outside $S (k_\infty)$ over $k_\infty$. We mainly consider the question whether $\mathcal{X}_S (k_\infty)$ is a non-abelian free pro-$p$ group or not. In the former part, we treat the case when $k$ is an imaginary quadratic f…
Galois-Orbit Structure, Ramanujan Sums, and Stable-Range Collapse for Cyclotomic Cosine Formulas
Departamento de Matemáticas, Sede Medellín, Universidad Nacional de Colombia(哥伦比亚国立大学麦德林校区数学系);Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad EAFIT(伊法蒂大学数学系)
Let $G$ be a finite group and let $N/E$ be a tamely ramified $G$-Galois extension of number fields. We show how Stickelberger's factorization of Gauss sums can be used to determine the stable isomorphism class of various arithmetic $\mathbb{Z}[G]$-modules attached to $N/E$. If $\mathcal{O}_N$ and $\mathcal{O}_E$ denote the rings of integers of $N$ and $E$ respectively, we get in particular that $\mathcal{O}_N\otimes_{\mathcal{O}_E}\mathcal{O}_N$ defines the trivial class in the class group $\mathrm{Cl}(\mathbb{Z}[G])$ and, if $N/E$ is also assumed to be locally abelian, that the square root of…
The deformation theory of ordinary representations of the absolute Galois groups of totally real number fields (over a finite field $k$) has been studied for a long time, starting with the work of Hida, Mazur and Tilouine, and continued by Wiles and others. Hida has studied the behaviour of these deformations when one considers the $p$-cyclotomic tower of extensions of the field. In the limit, one obtains a deformation ring $R_\infty$ classifying the ordinary deformations of the (Galois group of) the $p$-cyclotomic extension. We show that if $R_\infty$ is Noetherian and certain adjoint $μ$-inv…
Let p be an odd prime satisfying Vandiver's conjecture. We consider two objects, the Galois group X of the maximal unramified abelian pro-p extension of the compositum of all Z_p-extensions of the pth cyclotomic field and the Galois group G of the unramified pro-p extension of the cyclotomic field of all p-power roots of unity. We give a lower bound for the height of the annihilator of X as an Iwasawa module. Under some mild assumptions on Bernoulli numbers, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for G to be abelian. The bound and the condition in the two results are given in terms of…
We derive the group structure for cyclotomic function fields obtained by applying the Carlitz action for extensions of an initial constant field. The tame and wild structures are isolated to describe the Galois action on differentials. We show that the associated invariant rings are not polynomial.
We mainly study a polynomial $f_{1,n}(x)=x^{n-1} + 2x^{n-2} + 3x^{n-3} + \cdots + kx^{n-k} + \cdots + (n-1)x + n$ over $\mathbb{Z}$ and the Galois group of the minimal splitting field. First, we show that an arbitrary root $α_{n}$ of $f_{1,n}(x)$ satisfies $|α_{n}|\to 1$ ($n\to \infty$), and discuss the irreducibility of $f_{1,n}(x)$ over $\mathbb{Z}$ for several type $n$. After that, we show that the Galois group of $f_{1,n}(x)$ is Symmetric group $S_{n-1}$ for several type $n$. Although those roots of $f_{1,n}(x)=0$ don't draw an exact circle, it looks like a circle on complex plane. Moreove…
In this article, we study a relation between certain quotients of ideal class groups and the cyclotomic Iwasawa module $X_\infty$ of the Pontrjagin dual of the fine Selmer group of an elliptic curve $E$ defined over $\mathbb{Q}$. We consider the Galois extension field $K^E_n$ of $\mathbb{Q}$ generated by coordinates of all $p^n$-torsion points of $E$, and introduce a quotient $A^E_n$ of the $p$-sylow subgroup of the ideal class group of $K^E_n$ cut out by the modulo $p^n$ Galois representation $E[p^n]$. We describe the asymptotic behavior of $A^E_n$ by using the Iwasawa module $X_\infty$. In p…
Ho Chi Minh City University of Education(胡志明市教育大学);Ho Chi Minh City University of Science(胡志明市科学大学);Elmhurst University(埃尔姆赫斯特大学);Hanoi University of Science and Technology(河内科学技术大学);Michigan State University(密歇根州立大学)
Let $\K$ be a galois CM extension of $\Q$ and $\K_{\infty}$ its cyclotomic $\Z_p$-extension. Let $A_n$ be the $p$-parts of the class groups in the intermediate subfields $\K_n \subset \K_{\infty}$ and $\rg{A} = \varprojlim_n A_n$. We show that the $p$-rank of $\rg{A}$ is finite, which is equivalent to the vanishing of Iwasawa's constant $μ$ for $\rg{A}$. (Currently withdrawn)
Concentration and equi-distribution, near the unit circle, in Solomyak's set, of the union of the Galois conjugates and the beta-conjugates of a Parry number $β$ are characterized by means of the Erdős-Turán approach, and its improvements by Mignotte and Amoroso, applied to the analytical function $f_β(z) = -1 + \sum_{i \geq 1} t_i z^i$ associated with the Rényi $β$-expansion $d_β(1)= 0.t_1 t_2 ...$ of unity. Mignotte's discrepancy function requires the knowledge of the factorization of the Parry polynomial of $β$. This one is investigated using theorems of Cassels, Dobrowolski, Pinner and Vaa…
We generalize some results of Greither and Popescu to a geometric Galois cover $X\rightarrow Y$ which appears naturally for example in extensions generated by $\mathfrak{p}^n$-torsion points of a rank 1 normalized Drinfeld module (i.e. in subextensions of Carlitz-Hayes cyclotomic extensions of global fields of positive characteristic). We obtain a description of the Fitting ideal of class groups (or of their dual) via a formula involving Stickelberger elements and providing a link (similar to the one in \cite{ABBL}) with Goss $ζ$-function.
Let F denote an unramified extension of the cyclotomic extension of Q_p by (p^n)th roots of unity, for an odd prime p. We determine the conductors of those Kummer extensions of F of degree dividing p^n which are Galois over the maximal unramified subfield of F. This follows from a comparison of the Galois module structure of the multiplicative group of F with the unit filtration of F.
We calculate an explicit lower bound on the proportion of elliptic curves that are modular over any Galois CM field not containing $ζ_5$. Applied to imaginary quadratic fields, this proportion is at least $2/5$. Applied to cyclotomic fields $\mathbb{Q}(ζ_n)$ with $5\nmid n$, this proportion is at least $1-\varepsilon$ with only finitely many exceptions of $n$, for any choice of $\varepsilon > 0$.
Given an elliptic curve E over a number field k, the Galois action on the torsion points of E induces a Galois representation, ρ_E : Gal(\bar{k}/k) \to GL_2(\hat{Z}). For a fixed number field k, we describe the image of ρ_E for a "random" elliptic curve E over k. In particular, if k\neq Q is linearly disjoint from the cyclotomic extension of Q, then ρ_E will be surjective for "most" elliptic curves over k.
This article studies the Galois groups that arise from division points of the lemniscate. We compute these Galois groups two ways: first, by class field theory, and second, by proving the irreducibility of lemnatomic polynomials, which are analogs of cyclotomic polynomials. We also discuss Abel's theorem on the lemniscate and explain how lemnatomic polynomials relate to Chebyshev polynomials.
Let p be a prime number and F be a number field. We consider the Galois group G over the cyclotomic Z_p extension of F of the maximal unramified, p-decomposed, pro-p-extension of the cyclotomic Z_p extension of F. The question whether G is free pro-p was already asked by many authors. In this article, we highlight a link between the freeness of G and the Galois descent for some localisation kernels. Then we give explicit criterions to show that G is not a free pro-p-group.
Let p be an odd prime. We consider the cyclotomic extension T := Z_(p)[zeta_{p^2}] of S := Z_(p), with galois group G := (Z/p^2)^*. Since this extension is wildly ramified, the SG-module T is not projective. We calculate its cohomology ring H^*(G, T; S), carrying the cup product induced by the ring structure of T. Proceeding in a somewhat greater generality, our results also apply to certain Lubin-Tate extensions.
A result due to R. Greenberg gives a relation between the cardinality of Selmer groups of elliptic curves over number fields and the characteristic power series of Pontryagin duals of Selmer groups over cyclotomic $\mathbb Z_p$-extensions at good ordinary primes $p$. We extend Greenberg's result to more general $p$-adic Galois representations, including a large subclass of those attached to $p$-ordinary modular forms of level $Γ_0(N)$ with $p\nmid N$.
Let $N$ be a power of $2$ or $3$, and $μ_{N}$ the set of $N$-th roots of unity. We show that the ring of motivic periods of Mixed Tate motives over $\mathbb{Z}[μ_{N},\frac{1}{N}]$ is spanned by the motivic cyclotomic multiple zeta values of level $N$. This implies that the action of the motivic Galois group of mixed Tate motives over $\mathbb{Z}[μ_{N},\frac{1}{N}]$ on the motivic fundamental group of $\mathbb{G}_{m}-μ_{N}$ is faithful. This is a generalization of the known results for $N\in\{1,2,3,4,8\}$ by Deligne and Brown. We also discuss cyclotomic multiple zeta values of weight $2$ of oth…
We show that any Lambda-ring, in the sense of Riemann-Roch theory, which is finite etale over the rational numbers and has an integral model as a Lambda-ring is contained in a product of cyclotomic fields. In fact, we show that the category of them is described in a Galois-theoretic way in terms of the monoid of pro-finite integers under multiplication and the cyclotomic character. We also study the maximality of these integral models and give a more precise, integral version of the result above. These results reveal an interesting relation between Lambda-rings and class field theory.
As an analogue of a link group, we consider the Galois group of the maximal pro-$p$-extension of a number field with restricted ramification which is cyclotomically ramified at $p$, i.e, tamely ramified over the intermediate cyclotomic $\mathbb Z_p$-extension of the number field. In some basic cases, such a pro-$p$ Galois group also has a Koch type presentation described by linking numbers and mod $2$ Milnor numbers (Rédei symbols) of primes. Then the pro-$2$ Fox derivative yields a calculation of Iwasawa polynomials analogous to Alexander polynomials.
Etingof, Nikshych and Ostrik ask in arXiv:math.QA/0203060 if every fusion category can be completely defined over a cyclotomic field. We show that this is not the case: in particular one of the fusion categories coming from the Haagerup subfactor arXiv:math.OA/9803044 and one coming from the newly constructed extended Haagerup subfactor arXiv:0909.4099 can not be completely defined over a cyclotomic field. On the other hand, we show that the double of the even part of the Haagerup subfactor is completely defined over a cyclotomic field. We identify the minimal field of definition for each of t…
We determine the representation of the group of automorphisms for cyclotomic function fields in characteristic $p > 0$ induced by the natural action on the space of holomorphic differentials via construction of an explicit basis of differentials. This includes those cases which present wild ramification and automorphism groups with non-cyclic $p$-part, which have remained elusive. We also obtain information on the gap sequences of ramified primes. Finally, we extend these results to rank one Drinfel'd modules.
In this thesis, following F. Brown's point of view, we look at the Hopf algebra structure of motivic cyclotomic multiple zeta values, which are motivic periods of the fundamental groupoid of $\mathbb{P}^{1} \diagdown \lbrace 0, μ_{N}, \infty \rbrace $. By application of a surjective \textit{period} map (which, under Grothendieck's period conjecture, is an isomorphism), we deduce results (such as generating families, identities, etc.) on cyclotomic multiple zeta values, which are complex numbers. The coaction of this Hopf algebra (explicitly given by a combinatorial formula from A. Goncharov an…
Let $p$ be an irregular prime. Let $K=\Q(ζ)$ be the $p$-cyclotomic field. From Kummer and class field theory, there exist Galois extensions $S/\Q$ of degree $p(p-1)$ such that $S/K$ is a cyclic unramified extension of degree $[S:K]=p$. We give an algebraic construction of the subfields $M$ of $S$ with degree $[M:\Q]=p$ and an explicit formula for the prime decomposition and ramification of the prime number $p$ in the extensions $S/K$, $M/\Q$ and $S/M$. In the last section, we examine the consequences of these results for the Vandiver's conjecture. This article is at elementary level on Classic…
The class numbers $h^{+}$ of the real cyclotomic fields are very hard to compute. Methods based on discriminant bounds become useless as the conductor of the field grows and methods employing Leopoldt's decomposition of the class number become hard to use when the field extension is not cyclic of prime power. This is why other methods have been developed which approach the problem from different angles. In this paper we extend one of these methods that was designed for real cyclotomic fields of prime conductor, and we make it applicable to real cyclotomic fields of conductor equal to the produ…
In this paper we study when two congruent $l$-adic Galois representations have congruent Selmer groups. We obtain results for representations from cyclotomic characters, Hecke characters and adjoints of modular forms.
We exhibit an explicit short basis of the Stickelberger ideal of cyclotomic fields of any conductor $m$, i.e., a basis containing only short elements. By definition, an element of $\mathbb{Z}[G_m]$, where $G_m$ denotes the Galois group of the field, is called short whenever it writes as $\sum_{σ\in G_m} \varepsilon_σσ$ with all $\varepsilon_σ\in\{0,1\}$. One ingredient for building such a basis consists in picking wisely generators $α_m(b)$ in a large family of short elements. As a direct practical consequence, we deduce from this short basis an explicit upper bound on the relative class numbe…
We use explicit methods to study the 4-torsion points on the Jacobian variety of the Fermat quartic. With the aid of computer algebra systems, we explicitly give a basis of the group of 4-torsion points. We calculate the Galois action, and show that the image of the mod 4 Galois representation is isomorphic to the dihedral group of order 8. As applications, we calculate the Mordell-Weil group of the Jacobian variety of the Fermat quartic over each subfield of the 8-th cyclotomic field. We determine all of the points on the Fermat quartic defined over quadratic extensions of the 8-th cyclotomic…
In this addendum to arXiv:1110.0292 we prove a function field analogue of the Spiegelungssatz. It provides a relation between the Galois module structure of the class group of a cyclotomic function field, and the Galois module structure of the class module introduced by the second author. The result is already implicit in earlier work of the authors, but not stated explicitly.
A well known result of Iwaniec and Sarnak states that for at least one third of the primitive Dirichlet characters to a large modulus q, the associated L-functions do not vanish at the central point. When q is a large power of a fixed prime, we prove the same proportion already among the primitive characters of any given order. The set of primitive characters modulo q of a given order can be described as an orbit under the action of the Galois group of the corresponding cyclotomic field. We also prove a positive proportion of nonvanishing within substantially shorter orbits generated by interm…
We consider certain Massey products in the cohomology of a Galois extension of fields with coefficients in p-power roots of unity. We prove formulas for these products both in general and in the special case that the Galois extension in question is the maximal extension of a number field unramified outside a set of primes S including those above p and any archimedean places. We then consider those Z_p-Kummer extensions L of the maximal p-cyclotomic extension K of a number field that are unramified outside S. We show that Massey products describe the structure of a certain "decomposition-free" …
For primes p greater than 3, we propose a conjecture that relates the values of cup products in the Galois cohomology of the maximal unramified outside p extension of a cyclotomic field on cyclotomic p-units to the values of p-adic L-functions of cuspidal eigenforms that satisfy mod p congruences with Eisenstein series. Passing up the cyclotomic and Hida towers, we construct an isomorphism of certain spaces that allows us to compare the value of a reciprocity map on a particular norm compatible system of p-units to what is essentially the two-variable p-adic L-function of Mazur and Kitagawa.
The cyclotomic $p$-adic multi-zeta values are the $p$-adic periods of $π_{1}(\mathbb{G}_{m} \setminus μ_{M},\cdot),$ the unipotent fundamental group of the multiplicative group minus the $M$-th roots of unity. In this paper, we compute the cyclotomic $p$-adic multi-zeta values at all depths. This paper generalizes the results in [6] and [7]. Since the main result gives explicit formulas we expect it to be useful in proving non-vanishing and transcendence results for these $p$-adic periods and also, through the use of $p$-adic Hodge theory, in proving non-triviality results for the correspondin…
Zeta functions of periodic cubical lattices are explicitly derived by computing all the eigenvalues of the adjacency operators and their characteristic polynomials. We introduce cyclotomic-like polynomials to give factorization of the zeta function in terms of them and count the number of orbits of the Galois action associated with each cyclotomic-like polynomial to obtain its further factorization. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for such a polynomial to be irreducible and discuss its irreducibility from this point of view.
Let $F$ be a field of characteristic $0$ containing all roots of unity. We construct a functorial compact Hausdorff space $X_F$ whose profinite fundamental group agrees with the absolute Galois group of $F$, i.e. the category of finite covering spaces of $X_F$ is equivalent to the category of finite extensions of $F$. The construction is based on the ring of rational Witt vectors of $F$. In the case of the cyclotomic extension of $\mathbb{Q}$, the classical fundamental group of $X_F$ is a (proper) dense subgroup of the absolute Galois group of $F$. We also discuss a variant of this constructio…
Given a non-isotrivial elliptic curve over an arithmetic surface, one obtains a lisse $\ell$-adic sheaf of rank two over the surface. This lisse sheaf has a number of straightforward properties: cyclotomic determinant, finite ramification, rational traces of Frobenius, and somewhere not potentially good reduction. We prove that any lisse sheaf of rank two possessing these properties comes from an elliptic curve.
Let $L/K$ be a Galois extension of number fields with Galois group $G$. We discuss a new method to obtain elements in $\mathbb{Z}[G]$ which annihilate the class group of $L$. Using this method, we obtain annihilators of class groups of cyclotomic fields. We show that these annihilators are new. Some more consequences are also discussed. Moreover, we mention some results and connections to highlight importance of primes of higher residue degree.
Let $\overlineρ: G_{\mathbf{Q}} \rightarrow {\rm GSp}_4(\mathbf{F}_3)$ be a continuous Galois representation with cyclotomic similitude character -- or, what turns out to be equivalent, the Galois representation associated to the $3$-torsion of a principally polarized abelian surface $A/\mathbf{Q}$. We prove that the moduli space $\mathcal{A}_2(\overlineρ)$ of principally polarized abelian surfaces $B/\mathbf{Q}$ admitting a symplectic isomorphism $B[3] \simeq \overlineρ$ of Galois representations is never rational over $\mathbf{Q}$ when $\overlineρ$ is surjective, even though it is both ratio…
We determine the exact values of the linear complexity of 2p-periodic quaternary sequences over Z_4 (the residue class ring modulo 4) defined from the generalized cyclotomic classes modulo 2p in terms of the theory of of Galois rings of characteristic 4, where p is an odd prime. Compared to the case of quaternary sequences over the finite field of order 4, it is more dificult and complicated to consider the roots of polynomials in Z_4[X] due to the zero divisors in Z_4 and hence brings some interesting twists. We answer an open problem proposed by Kim, Hong and Song.
Let $K$ be the $N$th layer in the cyclotomic $\widehat{\mathbb{Z}}$-extension $\widehat{\mathbb{Q}}$. Many authors (Aoki, Fukuda, Horie, Ichimura, Inatomi, Komatsu, Miller, Morisawa, Nakajima, Okazaki, Washington,\,$\ldots$) analyse the behavior of the $p$-class groups ${\mathcal C}_K$. We revisit this problem, in a more conceptual form, since computations show that the $p$-torsion group ${\mathcal T}_K$ of the Galois groups of the maximal abelian $p$-ramified pro-$p$-extension of $K$ (Tate--Shafarevich group of $K$) is often non-trivial; this raises questions since $\# {\mathcal T}_K = \# {\m…
Algebraic codes that achieve list decoding capacity were recently constructed by a careful ``folding'' of the Reed-Solomon code. The ``low-degree'' nature of this folding operation was crucial to the list decoding algorithm. We show how such folding schemes conducive to list decoding arise out of the Artin-Frobenius automorphism at primes in Galois extensions. Using this approach, we construct new folded algebraic-geometric codes for list decoding based on cyclotomic function fields with a cyclic Galois group. Such function fields are obtained by adjoining torsion points of the Carlitz action …
Let L/K be an extension of number fields where L/\Q is abelian. We define such an extension to be Leopoldt if the ring of integers O_L of L is free over the associated order A_L/K. Furthermore we define an abelian number field K to be Leopoldt if every finite extension L/K with L/Q abelian is Leopoldt in the sense above. Previous results of Leopoldt, Chan & Lim, Bley, and Byott & Lettl culminate in the proof that the n-th cyclotomic field Q^(n) is Leopoldt for every n. In this paper, we generalize this result by giving more examples of Leopoldt extensions and fields, along with explicit genera…