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arXiv 1006.3899astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.SR
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观测到的核塌缩超新星类型的比例及其单星和双星的初始质量

Observed Fractions of Core-Collapse Supernova Types and Initial Masses of their Single and Binary Progenitor Stars

Nathan Smith, Weidong Li, Alexei V. Filippenko, Ryan Chornock

摘要:

我们分析观察到的分数的核心坍缩SN类型的利克天文台SN搜索,我们讨论了相应的影响大质量恒星的演化。对于一个标准的国际货币基金组织,观察到的SN类型的分数不能与单星演化的预期相协调。WR星的质量范围,摆脱他们的H信封通过自己的质量损失占不到一半的观测分数SNeIbc。SNeIbc的祖先必须延伸到一个更低的初始质量范围比经典WR星,我们认为,大多数SNIbc和SNIIb的祖先必须产生二进制罗氏瓣溢出。SNeIc仍然追踪到更高的质量和金属丰度,因为WR阶段的线驱动风去除了He层,并推动了从SNIb到Ic的转变。SNeIb和IIb的质量较小的祖先星可能不是经典的WR星;它们可能在弱风下不亮,可能被过亮的质量增加的伴星所隐藏,这些伴星看起来像B[e]超巨星或具有非球面拱星材料的相关物体。其余的SN类型(II-P、II-L和IIn)在整个初始质量范围内重新分布。我们考虑直接坍缩到没有可见SNe的黑洞,但发现这是有问题的。剩下的不确定性主要有:(1)双星分离、自转和金属丰度的影响;(2)SNeII-L和II-P相比,SNeII-N的前身星质量的差异;(3)SNeIc是由爆发性质量损失的单颗恒星产生的,它对金属丰度的依赖,以及它与SNIc子类内多样性的关系。(节略)

英文摘要:

We analyse observed fractions of core-collapse SN types from the Lick Observatory SN Search, and we discuss corresponding implications for massive star evolution. For a standard IMF, observed fractions of SN types cannot be reconciled with expectations of single-star evolution. The mass range of WR stars that shed their H envelopes via their own mass loss accounts for less than half the observed fraction of SNeIbc. Progenitors of SNeIbc must extend to a much lower range of initial masses than classical WR stars, and we argue that most SNIbc and SNIIb progenitors must arise from binary Roche-lobe overflow. SNeIc still trace higher mass and metallicity, because line-driven winds in the WR stage remove the He layer and propel the transition from SNIb to Ic. Less massive progenitors of SNeIb and IIb may not be classical WR stars; they may be underluminous with weak winds, possibly hidden by overluminous mass-gainer companions that appear as B[e] supergiants or related objects having aspherical circumstellar material. The remaining SN types (II-P, II-L, and IIn) are redistributed across the full range of initial mass. We consider direct collapse to black holes without visible SNe, but find this problematic. Major areas of remaining uncertainty are (1) the influence of binary separation, rotation, and metallicity, (2) mass differences in progenitors of SNeIIn compared to SNeII-L and II-P, and (3) SNeIc arising from single stars with eruptive mass loss, its dependence on metallicity, and how it relates to diversity within the SNIc subclass. (abridged)

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