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arXiv 1005.4785astro-ph.SR
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热亚矮星在特写镜头视图一。密近双星系统中亚矮星B星的转动特性及其不可见伴星的性质

Hot subdwarf stars in close-up view I. Rotational properties of subdwarf B stars in close binary systems and nature of their unseen companions

S. Geier, U. Heber, Ph. Podsiadlowski, H. Edelmann, R. Napiwotzki, T. Kupfer, S. Mueller

摘要:

热亚矮星B星(sdBs)的起源仍然不清楚。大约有一半的已知的sdB是在密切的双系统,共同的信封喷射是最有可能的形成通道。很少有人知道这个动态阶段的二元演化。在密近双星系统中,由于伴星的潮汐影响,主星的自转与其轨道运动同步。在这种情况下,如果知道伴星的主质量、投影旋转速度和表面重力,就有可能限制伴星的质量。我们第一次从高分辨率光谱中测量了一个大的sdB二元样品的投影旋转速度。我们分析了一个样本的51个sdB星的近距离双星,其中40个已知的轨道参数,包括一半的所有这些系统今天已知的。从理论和观测的角度讨论了SdB双星的同步。在31例病例中,不可见同伴的质量和性质可以得到限制。七颗sdB的伴星可以清楚地被识别为晚M星。一个双星可能有一个褐矮星伴星。9颗sdB的看不见的伴星是具有典型质量的白矮星。其中一颗白矮星伴星的质量非常低。在八个例子中,伴星的质量超过0.9个太阳质量,其中四个甚至超过了克拉塞卡极限,表明它们可能是中子星。即使是恒星质量的黑洞也可能有质量最大的伴星。与低质量的同伴系统的倾角的分布似乎是一致的预期,而缺乏高倾角变得明显的大规模系统。我们表明,这种系统的形成可以解释与共同的信封演变,并提出了一个适当的形成通道,包括两个阶段的不稳定的质量转移和一个超新星爆炸。

英文摘要:

The origin of hot subdwarf B stars (sdBs) is still unclear. About half of the known sdBs are in close binary systems for which common envelope ejection is the most likely formation channel. Little is known about this dynamic phase of binary evolution. Due to the tidal influence of the companion in close binary systems, the rotation of the primary becomes synchronised to its orbital motion. In this case it is possible to constrain the mass of the companion, if the primary mass, its projected rotational velocity as well as its surface gravity are known. For the first time we measured the projected rotational velocities of a large sdB binary sample from high resolution spectra. We analysed a sample of 51 sdB stars in close binaries, 40 of which have known orbital parameters comprising half of all such systems known today. Synchronisation in sdB binaries is discussed both from the theoretical and the observational point of view. The masses and the nature of the unseen companions could be constrained in 31 cases. The companions to seven sdBs could be clearly identified as late M stars. One binary may have a brown dwarf companion. The unseen companions of nine sdBs are white dwarfs with typical masses. The mass of one white dwarf companion is very low. In eight cases the companion mass exceeds 0.9 solar masses, four of which even exceed the Chandrasekhar limit indicating that they may be neutron stars. Even stellar mass black holes are possible for the most massive companions. The distribution of the inclinations of the systems with low mass companions appears to be consistent with expectations, whereas a lack of high inclinations becomes obvious for the massive systems. We show that the formation of such systems can be explained with common envelope evolution and present an appropriate formation channel including two phases of unstable mass transfer and one supernova explosion.

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