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arXiv 1005.3017astro-ph.SR
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潮汐诱导的星周盘中褐矮星和行星形成

Tidally induced brown dwarf and planet formation in circumstellar discs

Ingo Thies, Pavel Kroupa, Simon P. Goodwin, Dimitrios Stamatellos, Anthony P. Whitworth

摘要:

大多数恒星诞生于星团中,星团成员之间的引力相互作用可能会显著影响星周盘的演化,从而影响行星和褐矮星的形成。最近的研究结果表明,由于近距离接触引起的典型的星周盘的潮汐扰动可能会抑制而不是触发盘的碎裂,因此似乎排除了外部潮汐刺激导致的行星形成。然而,这些计算中的圆盘模型仅限于40 AU的圆盘半径和0.1 M_sun以下的圆盘质量。在这里,我们表明,即使是温和的遭遇可以触发碎片约100 AU的各种大规模(~0.5 M_太阳),扩展(>=100 AU)光盘,观察周围的年轻恒星。潮汐扰动本身就可以做到这一点,不需要盘-盘碰撞。我们还表明,非常低质量的双星系统可以形成通过在光盘中的对象的相互作用。在我们的计算中,否则非碎片化的大质量圆盘,一旦受到扰动,就会分裂成几个大约0.01到0.1 M太阳之间的物体,即,在整个褐矮星质量范围内。通常,这些轨道在高度偏心的轨道上运行,甚至被抛出。虽然可能不适合形成木星或海王星型行星,但我们的方案为褐矮星和超大质量行星提供了一种可能的形成机制,有趣的是,这导致了与典型亚恒星IMF一致的质量分布。作为一个次要的结果,一个可能的解释的起源错位太阳系外行星系统进行了讨论。

英文摘要:

Most stars are born in clusters and the resulting gravitational interactions between cluster members may significantly affect the evolution of circumstellar discs and therefore the formation of planets and brown dwarfs. Recent findings suggest that tidal perturbations of typical circumstellar discs due to close encounters may inhibit rather than trigger disc fragmentation and so would seem to rule out planet formation by external tidal stimuli. However, the disc models in these calculations were restricted to disc radii of 40 AU and disc masses below 0.1 M_sun. Here we show that even modest encounters can trigger fragmentation around 100 AU in the sorts of massive (~0.5 M_sun), extended (>=100 AU) discs that are observed around young stars. Tidal perturbation alone can do this, no disc-disc collision is required. We also show that very-low-mass binary systems can form through the interaction of objects in the disc. In our computations, otherwise non-fragmenting massive discs, once perturbed, fragment into several objects between about 0.01 and 0.1 M_sun, i.e., over the whole brown dwarf mass range. Typically these orbit on highly eccentric orbits or are even ejected. While probably not suitable for the formation of Jupiter- or Neptune-type planets, our scenario provides a possible formation mechanism for brown dwarfs and very massive planets which, interestingly, leads to a mass distribution consistent with the canonical substellar IMF. As a minor outcome, a possible explanation for the origin of misaligned extrasolar planetary systems is discussed.

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