Aims: We investigated the X-ray emission from young stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster (tau~3 Ma, d~385 pc) and its relation to mass, presence of circumstellar discs, and separation to the cluster centre by taking advantage of the superb spatial resolution of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Methods: We used public HRC-I/Chandra data from a 97.6 ks pointing towards the cluster centre and complemented them with X-ray data from IPC/Einstein, HRI/ROSAT, EPIC/XMM-Newton, and ACIS-S/Chandra together with optical and infrared photometry and spectroscopy from the literature and public catalogues. On our HRC-I/Chandra data, we measured count rates, estimated X-ray fluxes, and searched for short-term variability. We also looked for long-term variability by comparing with previous X-ray observations. Results: Among the 107 detected X-ray sources, there were 70 cluster stars with known signposts of youth, two young brown dwarfs, 12 cluster member candidates, four field dwarfs, and two galaxies with optical-infrared counterpart. The remaining sources had extragalactic nature. Based on a robust Poisson-chi^2 analysis, nine cluster stars displayed flares or rotational modulation during the HRC-I observations, while other eight stars and one brown dwarf showed long-term X-ray flux variations. We constructed a cluster X-ray luminosity function from O9.5 (~18 Msol) to M6.5 (~0.06 Msol). We found: a tendency of early-type stars in multiple systems or with spectroscopic peculiarities to display X-ray emission, that the two detected brown dwarfs and the least-massive star are among the sigma Orionis objects with the highest L_X/L_J ratios, and that a large fraction of known classical T Tauri stars in the cluster are absent in this and other X-ray surveys. We concluded that dozens X-ray sigma Orionis stars and brown dwarfs are still to be detected [abridged].
Solving the Puzzle of the Massive Star System Theta 2 Orionis A
年轻的O9.5 V光谱联星Theta 2 Ori A显示出中等强度的X射线发射和相对较窄的X射线线，这表明它可能是一个磁约束风震（MCWS）源，类似于其更大质量的类似物Theta 1 Ori C。X射线耀斑发生在近星点附近，这使得人们认为耀斑是通过磁重联产生的，因为θ 2 Ori A双星的两个组成部分上的磁层在最近的距离相互作用。我们使用一系列的高分辨率分光偏振观测θ 2 Ori A放置的磁场强度的上限为135 G（95%可信区）。这样弱的偶极磁场不会产生磁约束，也不会产生大的磁层。一个亚像素分析的钱德拉ACIS图像的θ 2 Ori A在静止和耀斑期间获得的显示，硬，耀斑X射线从软，静态发射偏移0.4弧秒。如果软发射与A1/A2光谱双星相关联，则硬的、闪耀的源的偏移和位置角将其置于通过散斑干涉术发现的中等质量A3伴星的位置。光谱偏振和X射线的结果一起指出，A3伴星，而不是大质量的A1/A2双星，是硬的，闪耀的X射线发射源。我们还讨论了一个类似的分析进行的磁性Bp星Sigma Ori E。我们发现其X射线耀斑的起源类似。
A Coordinated X-ray and Optical Campaign of the Nearest Massive Eclipsing Binary, delta Orionis Aa: III. Analysis of Optical Photometric MOST and Spectroscopic (Ground Based) Variations
我们报告了来自MOST空间望远镜的高精度测光和三重系统delta Ori A的地基光谱学，该系统由P = 5.7d的二进制O9.5II+早期B（Aa1和Aa2）和更遥远的第三（O9 IV P > 400 yrs）组成。这些数据是与钱德拉X射线天文台的X射线光谱学一起收集的。由于连续3周的覆盖，MOST光变曲线首次在非相位数据中揭示了Aa1和Aa2之间的清晰日食。根据光谱，我们有一个很好的约束径向速度曲线Aa1。虽然我们无法恢复径向速度的变化的二级恒星，我们能够约束这个系统的几个基本参数，并确定一个近似的质量使用拱点运动的主要。我们还检测到二阶调制在12个独立的频率与间距潮汐影响的振荡指示。这些间距从未在大质量双星中看到过，使该系统成为少数几个显示潮汐诱导脉动证据的双星之一。
