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arXiv 0903.1499astro-ph.SR
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白矮星的吸积和扩散。新的扩散时标及其在GD362和G29-38中的应用

Accretion and diffusion in white dwarfs. New diffusion timescales and applications to GD362 and G29-38

D. Koester

摘要:

一些光谱类型为DAZ、DBZ和DZ的带有金属痕迹的冷白矮星被发现由于星周尘埃而表现出红外过量辐射。这些尘埃的来源可能是一颗潮汐破裂的小行星,它形成了一个碎片盘,现在为白矮星提供了物质。为了从观测到的白矮星大气层和星周物质的组成中得出任何明确的结论,我们需要详细了解吸积和扩散过程,特别是扩散时间尺度。我们的目标是提供广泛的白矮星参数和所有可能观察到的化学元素的数据。从大气模式出发,计算了外边界层的结构,得到了对流层的深度和下边界的物理参数。这些参数用于使用文献中可用的扩散系数的计算来计算扩散速度。通过一个简单的例子,我们证明了观测到的元素丰度与吸积丰度并不完全相同。只有当我们知道或能够假设恒星在吸积和扩散之间达到了一个稳定状态时,才有可能得出可靠的结论。在这种情况下,大多数元素丰度在大气值和星周物质之间的差异仅为2-4倍。知道了扩散的时间尺度,我们也可以准确地将吸积丰度与观测到的丰度联系起来。如果吸积已经停止,或者吸积速率变化很大,我们就不能确定被吸积物质的成分。

英文摘要:

A number of cool white dwarfs with metal traces, of spectral types DAZ, DBZ, and DZ have been found to exhibit infrared excess radiation due to circumstellar dust. The origin of this dust is possibly a tidally disrupted asteroid that formed a debris disk now supplying the matter accreting onto the white dwarf. To reach any clear conclusions from the observed composition of the white dwarf atmosphere to that of the circumstellar matter, we need a detailed understanding of the accretion and diffusion process, in particular the diffusion timescales. We aim to provide data for a wide range of white dwarf parameters and all possible observed chemical elements. Starting from atmosphere models, we calculate the structure of the outer envelopes, obtaining the depth of the convection zone and the physical parameters at the lower boundary. These parameters are used to calculate the diffusion velocities using calculations of diffusion coefficients available in the literature. With a simple example, we demonstrate that the observed element abundances are not identical to the accreted abundances. Reliable conclusions are possible only if we know or can assume that the star has reached a steady state between accretion and diffusion. In this case, most element abundances differ only by factors in the range 2-4 between atmospheric values and the circumstellar matter. Knowing the diffusion timescales, we can also accurately relate the accreted abundances to the observed ones. If accretion has stopped, or if the rates vary by large amounts, we cannot determine the composition of the accreted matter with any certainty.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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