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arXiv 2201.03396astro-ph.SR
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经典金牛座T星CR Cha从分钟到十年时间尺度的吸积变化

Accretion variability from minutes to decade timescales in the classical T Tauri star CR Cha

G. Zsidi, C. F. Manara, Á. Kóspál, G. A. J. Hussain, P. Ábrahám, E. Alecian, A. Bódi, A. Pál, P. Sarkis

摘要:

经典的金牛座T型恒星被一个拱星盘所包围,它们正在从中吸积物质。这个过程是类太阳恒星形成的关键。虽然经常用简单的静态模型来描述,但吸积过程本质上是随时间变化的。我们的目标是通过分析2006年,2018年和2019年的光度和光谱观测,在从几分钟到十年的广泛时间尺度上研究低质量年轻恒星物体CR Cha的吸积过程。我们对TESS任务和ASAS-SN和ASAS-3数据库中的CR Cha光变曲线进行了周期分析。我们利用与TESS观测窗同时获得的$I,J,H,K$波段测光研究了系统的颜色变化。我们分析了在2006年使用AAT/UCLES获得的一系列高分辨率光谱中发现的吸积示踪剂的振幅,时间尺度和形态,2018年使用HARPS,2019年使用ESTERO和FEROS光谱仪。所有的光度数据显示,与2.327天的旋转周期,这是稳定的系统在几十年的周期性变化兼容。此外,ASAS-SN和ASAS-3的数据暗示,在2001年至2008年期间,长期增亮0.2等,在2015年至2018年期间略低于0.1等。近红外颜色的变化可以通过改变吸积速率或内部盘结构的变化来解释。我们的结果表明,H $α$发射的变化幅度在从数小时到数天/周的时间尺度上增加,之后即使在十年时间尺度上也保持相似。另一方面,我们发现显着的形态变化的年度/十年的时间尺度,表明不同的物理机制,负责线轮廓的变化,如吸积或风,在不同的时间存在不同程度的。

英文摘要:

Classical T Tauri stars are surrounded by a circumstellar disk from which they are accreting material. This process is essential in the formation of Sun-like stars. Although often described with simple and static models, the accretion process is inherently time variable. Our aim is to examine the accretion process of the low-mass young stellar object CR Cha on a wide range of timescales from minutes to a decade by analyzing both photometric and spectroscopic observations from 2006, 2018, and 2019. We carried out period analysis on the light curves of CR Cha from the TESS mission and the ASAS-SN and the ASAS-3 databases. We studied the color variations of the system using $I,J,H,K$-band photometry obtained contemporaneously with the TESS observing window. We analyzed the amplitude, timescale, and the morphology of the accretion tracers found in a series of high-resolution spectra obtained in 2006 with the AAT/UCLES, in 2018 with the HARPS, and in 2019 with the ESPRESSO and the FEROS spectrographs. All photometric data reveal periodic variations compatible with a 2.327 days rotational period, which is stable in the system over decades. Moreover, the ASAS-SN and ASAS-3 data hint at a long-term brightening by 0.2 mag, between 2001 and 2008, and of slightly less than 0.1 mag in the 2015 - 2018 period. The near-infrared color variations can be explained by either changing accretion rate or changes in the inner disk structure. Our results show that the amplitude of the variations in the H$α$ emission increases on timescales from hours to days/weeks, after which it stays similar even when looking at decadal timescales. On the other hand, we found significant morphological variations on yearly/decadal timescales, indicating that the different physical mechanisms responsible for the line profile changes, such as accretion or wind, are present to varying degrees at different times.

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