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arXiv 1005.2877astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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作为Mrk231中气体激发和化学驱动的黑洞吸积和恒星形成

Black hole accretion and star formation as drivers of gas excitation and chemistry in Mrk231

P. P. Van der Werf, K. G. Isaak, R. Meijerink, M. Spaans, A. Rykala, T. Fulton, A. F. Loenen, F. Walter, A. Weiss, L. Armus, J. Fischer, F. P. Israel, A. I. Har… 展开作者

P. P. Van der Werf, K. G. Isaak, R. Meijerink, M. Spaans, A. Rykala, T. Fulton, A. F. Loenen, F. Walter, A. Weiss, L. Armus, J. Fischer, F. P. Israel, A. I. Harris, S. Veilleux, C. Henkel, G. Savini, S. Lord, H. A. Smith, E. Gonzalez-Alfonso, D. Naylor, S. Aalto, V. Charmandaris, K. M. Dasyra, A. Evans, Y. Gao, T. R. Greve, R. Guesten, C. Kramer, J. Martin-Pintado, J. Mazzarella, P. P. Papadopoulos, D. B. Sanders, L. Spinoglio, G. Stacey, C. Vlahakis, M. C. Wiedner, E. M. Xilouris

摘要:

我们提出了一个完整的高分辨率SPIRE FTS光谱附近的超亮红外星系Mrk 231。共检测到25条谱线,其中CO J=5-4 ~ J=13-12,H_2O 7条,OH ~+3条,H_2O ~+、CH ~+、HF各1条。我们发现,CO转动能级的激发到J=8可以占恒星形成的紫外辐射。然而,在J=8以上的旋转阶梯上的CO线的近似平坦的光度分布需要存在用于最高CO线的单独的激发源。我们探讨了Mrk 231中吸积的超大质量黑洞对X射线的加热作为这些谱线的激发源,发现它可以再现观测到的光度。我们还考虑了一个模型与稠密的气体在一个强的紫外辐射场产生最高的CO线,但发现这个模型强烈高估了热尘埃质量在Mrk 231。我们青睐的模型包括一个半径为560 pc的恒星形成盘,包含暴露在强紫外线辐射下的致密气体团块,主要是J=8的CO线发射。来自Mrk 231中吸积的超大质量黑洞的X射线主导了半径为160 pc的内盘的激发和化学反应,这与Mrk 231中活动星系核的X射线功率一致。OH+和H2O+谱线的非凡亮度揭示了该区域X射线驱动激发和化学的特征。

英文摘要:

We present a full high resolution SPIRE FTS spectrum of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk231. In total 25 lines are detected, including CO J=5-4 through J=13-12, 7 rotational lines of H2O, 3 of OH+ and one line each of H2O+, CH+, and HF. We find that the excitation of the CO rotational levels up to J=8 can be accounted for by UV radiation from star formation. However, the approximately flat luminosity distribution of the CO lines over the rotational ladder above J=8 requires the presence of a separate source of excitation for the highest CO lines. We explore X-ray heating by the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk231 as a source of excitation for these lines, and find that it can reproduce the observed luminosities. We also consider a model with dense gas in a strong UV radiation field to produce the highest CO lines, but find that this model strongly overpredicts the hot dust mass in Mrk231. Our favoured model consists of a star forming disk of radius 560 pc, containing clumps of dense gas exposed to strong UV radiation, dominating the emission of CO lines up to J=8. X-rays from the accreting supermassive black hole in Mrk231 dominate the excitation and chemistry of the inner disk out to a radius of 160 pc, consistent with the X-ray power of the AGN in Mrk231. The extraordinary luminosity of the OH+ and H2O+ lines reveals the signature of X-ray driven excitation and chemistry in this region.

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