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arXiv 1004.3403astro-ph.CO
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1<z<2时超密早型星系的数密度和本星系团星系

The number density of superdense early-type galaxies at 1<z<2 and the local cluster galaxies

P. Saracco, M. Longhetti, A. Gargiulo

摘要:

到目前为止,许多观测到的z>1的早型星系的半径都比典型的现代早型星系的半径小。这使人们相信,在过去,早期类型的星系更紧凑,因此密度更大,因此,它们应该随着时间的推移而增加半径,以与现在的星系相一致。然而,观测还没有确定早期宇宙中早期类型的人口是否完全由紧凑星系代表,或者它们是否比现在的宇宙中的数量多得多,需要它们的大小进化。在这里,我们报告的研究结果的基础上,在0.9< z_{spec} <1.92的34个早型星系的完整样本。我们发现大多数(62%)的正常早期类型的星系类似于典型的本地的,共存的紧凑的早期类型从~2到~6倍小,尽管相同的质量和红移。正常和紧凑的早型星系在~1.5的共存<z>表明,它们的建立发生在第一个3-4 Gyr,遵循不同的路径。此外,我们还发现,在~1.5的致密早型数密度<z>是一致的本地星系团的致密早型数密度的下限。在早期和现在的宇宙中发现的类似数量的紧凑早期类型挫败了假设的有效半径演化,同时提供了证据,证明紧凑ETG也是我们今天看到的9-10 Gyr前。最后,事实上,(至少)大多数的紧凑ETG在高Z的占紧凑的早期类型在本星系团的星系意味着前者是直接的祖先的紧凑的早期类型的星系团星系之间建立了直接的联系环境和早期阶段的组装ETG。

英文摘要:

Many of the early-type galaxies observed so far at z>1 turned out to have smaller radii with respect to that of a typical present-day early-type galaxy with comparable mass. This has generated the conviction that in the past early-type galaxies were more compact, hence denser, and that as a consequence, they should have increased their radius across the time to reconcile with the present-day ones. However, observations have not yet established whether the population of early-types in the early Universe was fully represented by compact galaxies nor if they were so much more numerous than in the present-day Universe to require an evolution of their sizes. Here we report the results of a study based on a complete sample of 34 early-type galaxies at 0.9<z_{spec}<1.92. We find a majority (62 per cent) of normal early-type galaxies similar to typical local ones, co-existing with compact early-types from ~2 to ~6 times smaller in spite of the same mass and redshift. The co-existence of normal and compact early-type galaxies at <z>~1.5 suggests that their build-up taken place in the first 3-4 Gyr, followed distinct paths. Also, we find that the number density of compact early-types at <z>~1.5 is consistent with the lower limits of the local number density of compact early-types derived from local clusters of galaxies. The similar number of compact early-types found in the early and in the present day Universe frustrates the hypothesized effective radius evolution while provides evidence that also compact ETGs were as we see them today 9-10 Gyr ago. Finally, the fact that (at least) most of the compact ETGs at high-z are accounted for by compact early-types in local cluster of galaxies implies that the former are the direct progenitors of the compact early-type cluster galaxies establishing a direct link between environment and early phases of assembly of ETGs.

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