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arXiv 0903.4857astro-ph.CO
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早型星系的大小和同动质量密度演化

On the Size and Comoving Mass Density Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies

Arjen van der Wel, Eric F. Bell, Frank C. van den Bosch, Anna Gallazzi, Hans-Walter Rix

摘要:

我们提出了一个简单的,经验动机的模型,同时预测的平均大小和大质量的早期型星系从z=2到现在的共动质量密度的演变。首先,我们证明了人口的一些大小的演变,可以简单地预期由于不断出现的早期类型的星系。SDSS数据显示,在现今的宇宙中,具有给定动力学质量的更紧凑的早型星系具有更古老的恒星星族。相比之下,在给定的恒星速度色散下,SDSS数据显示大小和年龄之间没有关系,这意味着速度色散可以用来估计星系停止形成恒星,转变为早期星系的时期。应用这样一个“形成”的标准附近的早期型星系的大样本,我们预测的红移演化的大小分布和共动的质量密度。由此产生的平均尺寸的演变大约是观察到的演变的一半。然后,我们包括一个处方的合并历史的星系之间的“形成”红移和本,基于宇宙学模拟的组装暗物质晕。在转变成早期类型星系后的这种合并可能是无耗散的(“干”),其中大小的增加预计与质量的增加近似成比例。该模型成功地再现了观测到的大质量早型星系自z~2以来的平均大小和共动质量密度的演化。我们的结论是,最近测得的,大量的早期类型的星系的大小演变可以解释的早期类型的星系的不断出现和随后的增长,通过干合并的综合效应。

英文摘要:

We present a simple, empirically motivated model that simultaneously predicts the evolution of the mean size and the comoving mass density of massive early-type galaxies from z=2 to the present. First we demonstrate that some size evolution of the population can be expected simply due to the continuous emergence of early-type galaxies. SDSS data reveal that in the present-day universe more compact early-type galaxies with a given dynamical mass have older stellar populations. In contrast, at a given stellar velocity dispersion, SDSS data show that there is no relation between size and age, which implies that the velocity dispersion can be used to estimate the epoch at which galaxies stopped forming stars, turning into early-type galaxies. Applying such a 'formation' criterion to a large sample of nearby early-type galaxies, we predict the redshift evolution in the size distribution and the comoving mass density. The resulting evolution in the mean size is roughly half of the observed evolution. Then we include a prescription for the merger histories of galaxies between the 'formation' redshift and the present, based on cosmological simulations of the assembly of dark matter halos. Such mergers after the transformation into an early-type galaxy are presumably dissipationless ('dry'), where the increase in size is expected to be approximately proportional to the increase in mass. This model successfully reproduces the observed evolution since z~2 in the mean size and in the comoving mass density of massive early-type galaxies. We conclude that the recently measured, substantial size evolution of early-type galaxies can be explained by the combined effect of the continuous emergence of galaxies as early types and their subsequent growth through dry merging.

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