arXiv 1004.32942010-04-19astro-ph.COgr-qchep-th

宇宙学引力测试

Cosmological Tests of Gravity

Bhuvnesh Jain, Justin Khoury

备注：: Invited review for Annals of Physics; 58 pages, 8 figures.
DOI：: 10.1016/j.aop.2010.04.002

摘要：

对广义相对论的修正为观测到的宇宙加速提供了另一种解释，即暗能量。我们回顾了最近的发展，修改引力理论，重点是高维方法和变色龙/f（R）理论。我们根据筛选机制对这些模型进行分类，筛选机制使这些理论能够在小尺度上接近广义相对论（从而满足太阳系的约束）。我们描述的修改后的弗里德曼方程在这样的理论的一般特征。这篇评论的后半部分描述了根据新的理论方法对重力进行的实验测试。本文综述了实验室尺度和太阳系尺度上的高精度重力实验。我们详细描述了从~kpc（星系尺度）到~Gpc（大尺度结构）的天体物理尺度的实验。这些测试依赖于度规势、密度和速度场扰动的增长和相互关系，这些扰动可以使用引力透镜、星系团丰度、星系团和综合萨克斯-沃尔夫效应来测量。解释观测结果的一种稳健方法是约束有效参数，例如两个度量势的比值。目前，天体物理尺度上的重力测试还处于早期阶段，我们总结了这些测试，并讨论了未来十年新测试的有趣前景。

英文摘要：

Modifications of general relativity provide an alternative explanation to dark energy for the observed acceleration of the universe. We review recent developments in modified gravity theories, focusing on higher dimensional approaches and chameleon/f(R) theories. We classify these models in terms of the screening mechanisms that enable such theories to approach general relativity on small scales (and thus satisfy solar system constraints). We describe general features of the modified Friedman equation in such theories. The second half of this review describes experimental tests of gravity in light of the new theoretical approaches. We summarize the high precision tests of gravity on laboratory and solar system scales. We describe in some detail tests on astrophysical scales ranging from ~kpc (galaxy scales) to ~Gpc (large-scale structure). These tests rely on the growth and inter-relationship of perturbations in the metric potentials, density and velocity fields which can be measured using gravitational lensing, galaxy cluster abundances, galaxy clustering and the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. A robust way to interpret observations is by constraining effective parameters, such as the ratio of the two metric potentials. Currently tests of gravity on astrophysical scales are in the early stages --- we summarize these tests and discuss the interesting prospects for new tests in the coming decade.

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摘要：

英文摘要：

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